1. Movement at Joints

2. Types of Motions at Synovial Joints
Gliding
flat bone surfaces moving across each other
Flexion
decrease in angle between articulating bones
Extension
Increase in angle between articulating bones
Hyperextension
Bending beyond 180o degrees
moving humerus backwards behind anatomical position

3. B C A
Figure 7.4a

4. A C
Figure 7.4b B

5. A
Figure 7.4c B

6. A B C

7. A C
Figure 7.4e B

8. A
Figure 7.4f B

9. Types of Motions at Synovial Joints
Abduction
movement of bone away from midline
Adduction
movement of bone toward midline
Circumduction
movement of distal end in a circle
Rotation
bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

10. A
Figure 7.5a B

11. Figure 7.5b A B

12. Figure 7.5c B A

13. A
Figure 7.6a

14. Figure 7.6b A

15. A
Figure 7.7a

16. A B
Figure 7.7b

17. Special Movements at Synovial Joints
Elevation
lift upward
Depression
downward movement
Protraction
movement forward
Retraction
movement back to anatomical position

18. Figure 7.8ab B A

19. Figure 7.8cd A B

20. Special Movements at Synovial Joints
Inversion
move of soles medially (inward)
Toward each other
Eversion
move soles laterally (outward)
Away from each other
Dorsiflexion
point (flex) toes upward
As if standing on your heels
Plantar flexion
bend (point) toes downward
Like a ballerinia

21. A B
Figure 7.8ef

22. A
Figure 7.8g B

23. Special Movements at Synovial Joints
Supination
movement of forearm so palms face forward or upward
As if in anatomical position
Pronation
movement of forearm so palms face backward or downward

24. Figure 7.8h A B