1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Chapter 12, part 1 Neural tissue

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Describe the two major divisions of the nervous system and their characteristics. Identify the structures/functions of a typical neuron. Describe the location and function of neuroglia. Explain how resting potential is created and maintained. Describe the events in the generation and propagation of an action potential.

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Define the structure/function of a synapse. List the major types of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Explain the processing of information in neural tissue.

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 12-1 An Overview of the Nervous System

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings nervous system overview Nervous system Provides swift, brief responses to stimuli Endocrine system Adjusts metabolic operations and directs long- term changes Nervous system includes All the neural tissue of the body Basic unit = neuron

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Divisions of the Nervous system CNS (Central Nervous system) Brain and spinal cord PNS (Peripheral Nervous system) Neural tissue outside CNS Afferent division brings sensory information from receptors Efferent division carries motor commands to effectors Efferent division includes somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.1 Figure 12.1 Functional Overview of the Nervous System

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 12-2 Neurons

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Perikaryon Neurofilaments, neurotubules, neurofibrils Axon hillock Soma Axon Collaterals with telodendria Neuron structure

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.2b Figure 12.2 The Anatomy of a Multipolar Neuron

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Site of intercellular communication Neurotransmitters released from synaptic knob of presynaptic neuron Synapse

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.3 The Structure of a Typical Synpase Figure 12.3

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Anatomical Anaxonic Unipolar Bipolar Multipolar Neuron classification

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.4 Figure 12.4 A Structural Classification of Neurons

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sensory neurons deliver information from exteroceptors, interoceptors, or proprioceptors Motor neurons Form the efferent division of the PNS Interneurons (association neurons) Located entirely within the CNS Distribute sensory input and coordinate motor output Functional

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.5 Figure 12.5 A Functional Classification of Neurons

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 12-3 Neuroglia

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Four types of neuroglia in the CNS Ependymal cells Related to cerebrospinal fluid Astrocytes Largest and most numerous Oligodendrocytes Myelination of CNS axons Microglia Phagocytic cells Neuroglia of the Central Nervous System

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.6 An Introduction to Neuroglia Figure 12.6

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.7 Neuroglia in the CNS Figure 12.7a

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 12.7 Neuroglia in the CNS Figure 12.7b

22. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Two types of neuroglia in the PNS Satellite cells Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia Schwann cells Ensheath axons in the PNS Neuroglia of the Peripheral Nervous System Animation: Nervous system anatomy review PLAY