1. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: 1.Gender oppression results from their subordinate status, a result of patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) 2. Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) 3. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) 4.Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

2. http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=12509 Source for PP: Ashford, L.S. (2005). Population Bulletin http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&tem plate=PopulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&tem plate=PopulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001. accessed 11 Jan 2006 also see. Ashford, L.S. (2001). Population Bulletin, vol. 57,1: 21-29 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3761/is_200103/ai_n8939693 http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3761/is_200103/ai_n8939693 accessed 11 Jan 2006 United Nations, The World's Women 2000

3. Women of Our World 2005 Indicators of Women’s Status and Progress Around the World Source: Ashford, L.S. (2005). Population Bulletin http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&template=P opulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=Population_Bulletin1&template=P opulationBulletin.cfm&BeginYear=2001. accessed 11 Jan 2006

4. The Data and Estimates Provide Information On: Basic demographics Reproductive health, including family planning, maternal health, and HIV/AIDS Education, work, and political participation, and trends over time in each of these areas

5. Proportions of Younger and Older Women, Selected World Regions Percent of female population Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005

6. Births per Woman (Total Fertility Rate), Trends in Selected Regions Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005

7. Adolescent Childbearing Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005 Percent of women ages 15-19 giving birth in one year

8. Maternal Deaths and Lifetime Risk of Dying from Maternal Causes # of maternal deaths Lifetime risk 1 in: More developed countries2,5002,800 Less developed countries527,00061 Sub-Saharan Africa247,00016 South-central Asia207,00046 South-east Asia25,000140 Latin America & Caribbean22,000160 Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; WHO/UNICEF/UNFPA

9. Trends in Births Attended by Skilled Personnel* Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Demographic and Health Surveys Percent * Defined to include a doctor, nurse, or midwife. **Surveys dates are 1999 and 2003.

10. Percent of HIV-infected Adults Who are Women Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNAIDS

11. Girls and Boys’ Secondary School Enrollments, Latest Year Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNESCO Enrollments as a percent of the applicable age group

12. Girls’ Enrollments in Secondary School as Percentage of Boys’ Enrollments Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; UNESCO Girls per 100 boys

13. Trends in Women’s Share of Non-farm Wage Earners, Selected Regions Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; International Labour Organization Percent of paid, non-farm workforce

14. Women’s Share of Seats in National Parliaments Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Inter-Parliamentary Union Percent of seats in single or lower chamber

15. Increases in Women’s Share of Parliamentary Seats, Selected Regions Source: PRB, Women of Our World 2005; Inter-Parliamentary Union Percent of seats in single or lower chamber

16. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: 1.Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) 2. Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) 3. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) 4.Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

21. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: 1.Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) 2. Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) 3. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) 4.Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

22. Women’s labour force participation (1997): DCs:44% South Asia33% Wages as % of men’s wages: Mexico71% Bangladesh 50 % Source: see Ashford, L.S. (2001). Population Bulletin, vol. 57,1: 21-29. Legislators (women %): (2003) Sweden43% India 9% Mexico23% Source: WB (WID)

23. Mexico primary school female enrollment% Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2000.

24. India: primary school female enrollment % Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2000

25. Labor force, female (% of total labor) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

26. Mexico: Labor force, female (% of total) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

27. India: Labor force, female (% of total) Source: World development Indicators Data base, July 2002.

28. India: poorest 20% of women average # of children 4 prenatal care 25% deliverywith medics12% Mexico: % of all women no education 11% average # of children 4 teens childbearing18% All women - physical assault India 40% Canada 29% See data in Ashford

29. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: 1.Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) 2. Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) 3. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) 4.Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

30. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs Development projects: aid programs do not targetwomen: why? aid programs do not target women: why? women’s role not taken into account in projects women’s role not taken into account in projects women are ignored in designing project needs women are neglected in decision-making on environment

31. Gender inequalities, poverty, & violence Mortality ratesMortality rates Socio-economic statusSocio-economic status Literacy & educationLiteracy & education Jobs & wagesJobs & wages Decision-makingDecision-making AbuseAbuse

32. Higher mortality rate: why? Sex selective abortions Less food Less health care Hardships of low status: Genital mutilation Child marriage Pressured to bear more children No protection against HIV Little education Joint family pressures

33. Inequalities in labour force participation, education, literacy, and health – a vicious cycle MNCs: low wage underclass MNCs: low wage underclass Livelihood vs. literacy Livelihood vs. literacy Endangered health Endangered health

34. A Framework on Women in DW: Concepts from readings: 1.Gender oppression is related to patriarchy and religious orthodoxy (Coleman) 2. Women’s education advances economic progress (Coleman) 3. Gender integration: considering roles and targeting programs (Hunt & Posa) 4.Individual values of self expression vs. collective or religious control (Inglehart & Norris)

35. Approval of Political and Social Values in Western and Muslim Societies Western Muslim Democratic Performance 68% 68% Democratic Ideals 86% 87% Strong Leaders 61% 61% Religious Leaders 62% 39% Gender Equity 82% 55% Divorce 60% 35% Abortion 48% 25% Homosexuality 53% 12% Source: World Values Survey, pooled Sample 1995-2001 Note: Table made from bar graph

36. http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/