1. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

2. Questions / Comments

3. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

4. Airframe Systems Fuel Systems
Fuel, electrical, hydraulic, and oxygen systems make up the airframe systems.

5. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

6. Airframe Systems Fuel Systems
Two common classifications apply to fuel systems in small aircraft:
Gravity-feed
Fuel-pump systems.

7. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

8. Fuel Systems Fuel-Pump System
The auxiliary pump, also known as a boost pump, provides added reliability to the fuel system.
The electrically driven auxiliary pump is controlled by a switch in the flight deck.

9. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

10. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

11. Fuel Systems Fuel Tanks
The tanks are vented to the outside to maintain atmospheric pressure inside the tank.
They may be vented through the filler cap or through a tube extending through the surface of the wing.

12. Warm-Up – 3/6 – 10 minutes
Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions:
What are the systems that make up an airframe system?
What are the two common classifications of fuel systems in small aircraft?
What is the purpose of the “boost” or auxiliary fuel pump?
What is the purpose of venting fuel tanks to the outside?
What are some causes that may have led to Accidents attributed to fuel contamination ?

13. Fuel Systems Fuel Contamination
Accidents attributed to powerplant failure from fuel contamination have often been traced to:
Inadequate preflight inspection by the pilot.
Servicing aircraft with improperly filtered fuel from small tanks or drums.

14. Fuel Systems Fuel Contamination
Storing aircraft with partially filled fuel tanks.
Lack of proper maintenance.

15. Questions / Comments

16. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 6
Secretary of Commerce signs a special Air Traffic Regulation that prohibits air flights over parts of Washington, D.C.

17. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 6
1944 — 600 heavy bombers dropped 1,600 tons of bombs during first major attack on Berlin.

18. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 6
1965 — The first nonstop transcontinental helicopter flight across the United States is flown off the deck of the carrier USS Hornet at San Diego, California to the deck of the carrier USS Franklin D. Roosevelt off Jacksonville, Florida is completed successfully.
A United States Navy Sikorsky SH-3A “Sea King” flies 2,116 miles.

19. THIS DAY IN AVIATION March 6
1986 — Japan Air Lines embarks the world's heaviest man, an 880-lb Austrian flying from Frankfurt, Germany, as a passenger; 16 seats are removed from the cabin to make room for him.

20. Questions / Comments

21. March 2014 Fuel Systems Celebrate Freedom Visit Chapter 6
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday 2 3 4
Celebrate Freedom Visit 5 6
Fuel Systems 7 8 9 10
Chapter 6 11 12 13 14
FltLine Friday 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
NO SCHOOL 25 26 27 28 29 30

22. Questions / Comments

23. Chapter 6 – Aircraft Systems
FAA – Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge

24. Today’s Mission Requirements
Identify in writing the primary systems found on most aircraft.
Describe the basic operation and characteristics of the primary aircraft systems.
EQ:
Describe the importance of Aeronautical Knowledge for the student pilot learning to fly.

25. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Most aircraft are equipped with either a 14- or a 28-volt direct current electrical system.

26. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
A basic aircraft electrical system consists of the following components:
Alternator/generator
Battery
Master/battery switch
Alternator/generator switch
Bus bar, fuses, and circuit breakers
Voltage regulator
Ammeter/loadmeter
Associated electrical wiring

27. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Engine-driven alternators or generators supply electric current to the electrical system.
They also maintain a sufficient electrical charge in the battery.

28. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Electrical energy stored in a battery provides a source of electrical power for starting the engine and a limited supply of electrical power for use in the event the alternator or generator fails.

29. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Most generators will not produce a sufficient amount of electrical current at low engine rpm to operate the entire electrical system.

30. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Alternators have several advantages over generators.
Alternators produce sufficient current to operate the entire electrical system, even at slower engine speeds.
The electrical output of an alternator is more constant throughout a wide range of engine speeds.

31. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
The electrical system is turned on or off with a master switch.
Turning the master switch to the ON position provides electrical energy to all the electrical equipment circuits except the ignition system.

32. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Equipment that commonly uses the electrical system for its source of energy includes:
Position lights
Anti-collision lights
Landing lights
Taxi lights
Interior cabin lights
Instrument lights
Radio equipment

33. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Turn indicator
Fuel gauges
Electric fuel pump
Stall warning system
Pitot heat
Starting motor
Many aircraft are equipped with a battery switch that controls the electrical power to the aircraft in a manner similar to the master switch.

34. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
In addition, an alternator switch is installed which permits the pilot to exclude the alternator from the electrical system in the event of alternator failure.

35. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
With the alternator half of the switch in the OFF position, the entire electrical load is placed on the battery.
All nonessential electrical equipment should be turned off to conserve battery power.

36. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Fuses or circuit breakers are used in the electrical system to protect the circuits and equipment from electrical overload.

37. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
An ammeter is used to monitor the performance of the aircraft electrical system.
The ammeter shows if the alternator/generator is producing an adequate supply of electrical power.
It also indicates whether or not the battery is receiving an electrical charge.

38. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Ammeters are designed with the zero point in the center of the face and a negative or positive indication on either side.

39. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
When the pointer of the ammeter is on the plus side, it shows the charging rate of the battery.
A minus indication means more current is being drawn from the battery than is being replaced.

40. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
A full-scale minus deflection indicates a malfunction of the alternator/generator.
A full-scale positive deflection indicates a malfunction of the regulator.

41. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Not all aircraft are equipped with an ammeter.
Some have a warning light that, when lighted, indicates a discharge in the system as a generator/alternator malfunction.
Refer to the AFM or POH for appropriate action to be taken.

42. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
Another electrical monitoring indicator is a loadmeter.
This type of gauge has a scale beginning with zero and shows the load being placed on the alternator/generator.

43. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
The loadmeter reflects the total percentage of the load placed on the generating capacity of the electrical system by the electrical accessories and battery.

44. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
A voltage regulator controls the rate of charge to the battery by stabilizing the generator or alternator electrical output.
The generator/alternator voltage output should be higher than the battery voltage.

45. Aircraft Systems Electrical Systems
For example, a 12-volt battery would be fed by a generator/alternator system of approximately 14 volts.
The difference in voltage keeps the battery charged.

46. Questions / Comments