1. Forest cutting and reproducing techniques
29.03 Environmental and Natural Resources I

2. Intermediate Cuttings
Cuttings made between reproduction and harvest in a forest
Thinning
Liberation
Sanitation
Salvage
Removal of undesirable trees
Prescription Burning

3. Intermediate Cuttings
The different types of cuttings are dependent upon:
Climate
Tree species
Owner and manager objectives

4. Thinning When only some of the trees in the stand are removed
Reduces the competition for essential needs from other trees

5. Liberation
Removal of the taller, dominant trees from a stand

6. Sanitation
Cutting that removes the injured, diseased, or insect-infested trees from the stand

7. Salvage
Cutting that involves removal of trees that are dead or damaged by storms, construction, etc.

8. Removal
Removal of undesirable trees involves removing trees that could be compared to weeds
Forked trees
Crooked trunks
Pine trees in a hardwood stand

9. Prescription Burning
Controlled burning of the undergrowth in a forest

10. Harvest Cuttings Selective Cutting Shelterwood Cutting
Seed-tree Cutting
Coppice Cutting
Clear Cutting

11. Selective Cutting
Individual trees are selected for harvest based on maturity, size, species, etc.
Goals are to produce an income and a better timber yield

12. Shelterwood Cutting
Harvesting a mature forest in two or three stages

13. Seed-tree Cutting
The entire stand is removed except for a few of the best trees that are left to produce seeds

14. Coppice Cutting Similar to seed-tree cutting
Rather than remaining trees providing seed, the remaining trees develop root suckers to produce new trees

15. Clear Cutting All the trees in a stand are harvested at one time
Most economical and most controversial

16. Reproducing the Forest
Natural Seeding
Direct Seeding
Cuttings
Plant Seedlings

17. Natural Seeding
Allowing trees to naturally reseed to produce new growth
Economical
Least amount of control by the forest manager

18. Direct Seeding Applying tree seeds directly to the desired area
Can be done by:
Hand
Seed spreaders
Grain drills
Aircraft

19. Cuttings
Cuttings can be taken from existing trees, allowed to root, and then planted

20. Plant Seedlings Planting a nursery-produced seedling
More labor and expensive
Allows complete control over reproduction
Tends to get results quickly

21. Plant Seedling Continued
Some states offer government rebates to landowners who reforest their land after harvest
The most certain and quickest way to reproduce trees