1. The Civil War

2. Section 1
The Call to Arms

3. The North
How did two border states bolster northern confidence? Kentucky and Delaware supported the Union.
What Virginia event helped the North? The western counties of Virginia refuse to secede and become West Virginia.
What four things did the North have much more of than the South had? Factories, railroad track, farmland people.
What were three parts of the Northern strategy? Blockade southern seaports, cut the south in two by gaining control of the Mississippi River, invade Virginia and seize Richmond.
Who was the Union general in the First Battle of Bull Run? Irvin Mc Dowell
Irvin McDowell

4. The South
How did two border states bolster southern confidence? Maryland and Missouri supported the South, and northern troops had to be used to subdue them.
Which generals left the U.S. Army to join the Confederate Army? Robert E Lee, Joseph Johnston, Albert Johnston
What were two advantages the South had? The Confederates would be fighting on their own territory, and the local people would help them, they would be lead by some of the nation’s best officers
What was the South’s strategy? To defend its lead until the North got tired of fighting and seek aid from European Nations
Why was the South hopeful that Britain would support it? Because Britain was a major trading partner that needed Southern cotton.
Robert E Lee

5. Hardships of Both Sides
What effect did the war have on American families? It broke families apart
What were the camp conditions for soldiers? Often miserable and diseased, no clean water.
What were the conditions for prisoners of war in the North and the South? Over crowded prison camps, food shortages,
high death rate

6. Section 2
Early Years of the War

7. New Technology
New rifles and cannons were more accurate and had greater range than previous weapons.
Ironclads were a great improvement over older wooden warships.

8. Event: Forts Henry and Donelson, February 1862 Military Leader:
Union: Grant
Outcome:
The Union takes control of two water routes into the western Confederacy.

9. Event: Use of ironclads Outcome:
Ironclads are used by the South against the blockade and by the North to hold the Mississippi River

10. Event: Battle of Shiloh, April 1862 Military Leader:
Union: Grant
Confederacy: A. S. Johnston
Outcome:
Union takes control of major railroad center and part of the Mississippi River

11. Event: New Orleans, April 1862 Military Leader: Outcome:
Union: Farragut
Outcome:
The North controls almost all of the Mississippi River.

12. Event: Outside Richmond, Virginia, May and June 1862 Military Leader:
Union: McClellan
Outcome:
Richmond is not taken

13. Event: Battle of Antietam, September 1862 Military Leader:
Union: McClellan
Confederacy: Lee
Outcome:
Lee is forced to stop his invasion of the North

14. Emancipation Proclamation
Reading Notes

15. What was the defining act in Lincoln's Presidency?
The Emancipation Proclamation

16. What was the platform of the Republican Party?
Banning of slavery in all federal territories and in Washington D.C.
Withdrawing federal protection of slavery on the high seas
Relieving federal officials of their duty to return fugitive slaves to their masters under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

17. What did the First Confiscation Act do?
Stated that slaves who made it to Union lines would be freed, but soldiers could not go to plantations and entice slaves to leave

18. Who urged Lincoln to wait to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?
William Seward

19. Why did he urge Lincoln to wait?
He did want the Emancipation Proclamation to seem like a last measure or a cry for help

20. What was Lincoln's response to Horace Greeley?
“If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it. And if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would do that.”

21. What battle turned back the first major invasion of the North
What battle turned back the first major invasion of the North? And how did effect the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation?
The Battle of Antietam
The ‘victory’ was the win Lincoln had been waiting for to release the proclamation

22. What did Lincoln's "preliminary" Emancipation Proclamation do?
It gave the rebel states until the end of the year to lay down their weapons and rejoin the Union or he would free all the slaves in the south on January 1
(Basically this was an ultimatum to the South)

23. When did the Emancipation Proclamation go into effect?
January 1, 1863

24. What did the Emancipation Proclamation accomplish?
It authorized the enlistment of free blacks for the armed service in the Union Army (20% of the army)
Lifted the ban on enticement (put into place in the Confiscation Acts) (weakening the south)
Put pressure on the slave holding border states loyal to the Union
MOST IMPORTANTLY: it gave the war an added meaning: it was now a war to end slavery (Britain would not side with slavery)

25. By the end of the war, how many slaves had been emancipated?
½ a million

26. Which states had abolished slavery?
West Virginia, Maryland, Tennessee, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Missouri

27. What are the three historical views of Lincoln's and his reasons for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation?
A reluctant emancipator- a president who for a long time was unwilling to transform a war for the Union into a war to abolish slavery
A political genius- he bided his time until public opinion caught up to his views
Neither of the above- Lincoln the politician and the man were too complex

28. Section 3
The Emancipation Proclamation

29. Emancipating the Enslaved
Lincoln’s main war goal was to restore or preserve the Union. He did not free slaves at the beginning of the war in order to avoid causing border states to secede.
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, However, it only freed slaves in states fighting the Union, so very few enslaved people were immediately freed. Most Union soldiers supported the proclamation because it weakened the South.
The Emancipation Proclamation caused the Civil War to become a war to end slavery. It also kept Britain from recognizing the South’s independance.

30. African Americans Help the Union
More than half of African American volunteers serving in the Union army were former slaves.
Confederates did not treat captured African American soldiers as prisoners of war; they faced slavery or death.
Noncombat positions held by free African Americans in the Union army:
Cooks
wagon drivers
Hospital aides
Ways enslaved African Americans
hurt the Confederate war effort:
Provided information to the
Union
Refused to work

31. Section 4
The Civil War and American Life

32. Divisions In the North, some people:
Opposed the Emancipation Proclamation
believed the South had the right to secede
Blamed Lincoln for forcing the South into war
Northern Democrats opposed to the war were called Copperheads
Areas of the South less supportive of war:
Poor backcountry regions with few enslaved people
Opposition to the war was strongest in Georgia and North Carolina
Divisions were also created by strong support for states’ rights

33. Disruptions Ways people disrupted the war effort:
encouraged soldiers to desert
Helped prisoners of war escape
Tried to prevent men from volunteering
Held peace protests
Both sides dealt with disruptions in some areas by suspending habeas corpus
Let’s Think:
What is habeas corpus?

34. Draft Laws
Desertion was a problem for both sides. Many soldiers left their units to plant or harvest crops
Each side established a draft, a system of required military service. Anger at exceptions to this requirement caused riots in many places.
New York Draft Riots

35. Economic Strains
Congress levied the first income tax to pay for the war.
The Union printed large amounts of paper money, causing the cost of goods to increase.
Union blockades of the South caused shortages that made goods expensive.

36. Women in the Civil War
Women’s contributions to the war effort on both sides:
disguised themselves as men to join the army
Became spies
Took over businesses and farms
Worked in factories
Barriers for women fell, especially in the field of nursing.

39. Section 5
Decisive Battles

40. General: Ambrose Burnside
Battle(s): Fredericksburg
Result: the Union suffered almost 13,000 casualties

41. General: Joseph Hooker
Battle(s): Chancellorsville
Result: Union force was smashed, Stonewall Jackson died

42. General: George Meade
Battle(s): Gettysburg
Result: Union victory that forced Lee out of the North and cost Lee nearly a third of his soldiers, who could not be replaced.

43. General: Ulysses Grant
Battle(s): Vicksburg
Result: City is captured by the Union, and the South loses all major strongholds on the Mississippi River

44. General: Ulysses Grant
Battle(s): Petersburg
Result: Lee’s army is trapped

45. General: William Sherman
Battle(s): Atlanta
Result: the city of Atlanta is captured

46. General: William Sherman
Battle(s): “March to the Sea”
Result: The South’s people and land are devastated by total war

47. General: Ulysses S Grant
Battle(s): Richmond
Result: Confederate national capital is taken and Lee is forced to surrender his army.

48. The End of the War
Lincoln looked ahead to victory in a speech in called the Gettysburg Address.
The capture of Atlanta gave Lincoln a victory in the Presidential Election
Number of Union soldiers killed in the Civil War: 360,000
Number of Confederate soldiers killed in the Civil War: 260,000
Key results of the Civil War:
It reunited the Union
It put an end to slavery.