1. Tropical Morphology How Plants Adapt To Rain Forest The University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Introduction The Tropical Environment of Costa Rica

2. About The Author Dr. Paul A. Thomas – Professor of Floriculture – Department of Horticulture – The University of Georgia – Extension Specialist – Really into Photography! Hope you enjoy my images

3. Learning Objectives 1. Describe the three land regions in Costa Rica and how their soil differs in relation to rain and moisture. 2. Be able to describe some of the challenges facing the Costa Rican people, and how they must adapt to their environment.

4. Tropical Environments Large tropical storms can generate great amounts of rainfall Mt. Arenal, a source for new tropical soils and nutrients.

5. Steaming hot rocks released by Arenal’s active volcano tumbling down the slope.

6. The Volcanic Rainforest

7. This slopes are so steep that no one tries to develop or farm the land.

8. Many species of tropical trees are harvested for wood products.

9. Small farms and Coffee plantations are established in the narrow valleys.

10. Local farmers clear the nearby slopes and then use the land for dairy farm grazing

11. Inland Plains/Savannah

12. The relatively flat inland plains allows for cattle grazing and grain crops.

13. Many of Costa Rica’s larger cities are established on the flat, fertile soils where sugar cane and rice are grown.

14. Coastal Plains

15. Wet, soggy coastal soils are home to Crocodiles and other water-loving animals.

16. Dense, layered soils do not readily allow gas exchange so roots may struggle to breath. Thus they don’t try to penetrate deeply in the soils

17. The sandy, heavy soils are perfect for date and oil palms to be grown.

18. A beach near Uvita, Costa Rica

19. Tropical Rainforests are facing competition from farming and growing cities all over the world.

20. Summary We have seen that there are three very distinct regions of land in Costa Rica. There are distinct ways plants adapt to each region. We have also looked at just a few of the ways that Costa Rican people work with the land. Like plants, the residents of Costa Rica must adapt to the land form, and the environmental conditions.

21. Assessment Opportunity Explain why an Oak tree in the United States might have a deep root system, and a Banana might have a shallow, wider root system in Costa Rica. What do they share in common? What is different? Explain why slash and burn deforestation is so devastating to tropical soils? How do Costa Ricans use more sustainable methods to harvest wood and plant crops?

22. For Future Exploration http://www.arenal.net/costa-rica- volcanoes.htm http://www.arenal.net/costa-rica- volcanoes.htm http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes /advantages.php http://library.thinkquest.org/17457/volcanoes /advantages.php http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/rforest/plants/a dapt.htm http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/rforest/plants/a dapt.htm