1. Power Presentations CHAPTER 21

3. Image Diversity and Unity It is 1900, and you have decided to leave your native country. After a long and difficult voyage, you arrive in the United States. Now you need to find a new home and a job. You have to create a new life in a strange land. How will you make a home in your new country?

4. What caused you to leave your native country? What problems did you face on your voyage? What do you hope to find in the United States?

5. To World 1909 National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is founded. 1906 Earthquake and fire devastate San Francisco. 1896 Supreme Court establishes “separate- but-equal” doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson case. 1893 Columbian Exposition opens in Chicago. 1892 Immigration center opens on Ellis Island. Image 1889 The first electric elevator is installed. Jane Addams founds Hull House. 1888 Electric trolleys are set up in Richmond, Virginia. 1882 Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.

6. Back to Home Back to U.S. 1910 Mexican Revolution begins. 1896 First modern Olympic Games are held in Athens, Greece. 1893 Karl Benz invents the modern automobile. 1889 Brazil becomes a republic.

7. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Industrialization and immigration caused American cities to grow rapidly. Modern American city life first emerged during this period.

8. What were the causes and effects of urban growth? CAUSEEFFECT SteelProvided materials to build skyscrapers Elevators Allowed people to get to the top floors of skyscrapers StreetcarsAllowed people to move around cities Immigration Image Increased city population and led to some overcrowding

9. Why did immigrants and farmers settle in big cities at the end of the 19th century? What are two inventions that made modern city life possible? What urban problems did reformers try to solve?

10. Back to Home Evaluating What were some of the advantages and disadvantages of machine politics? Think About the problems faced by immigrants and cities Tammany Hall and “Boss” Tweed

11. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Millions of immigrants—mostly from southern and eastern Europe—moved to the United States. The new immigrants had an important role in shaping American culture in the 20th century.

12. What were some of the experiences of immigrants in the United States? Voyage Faced long hard voyages; often faced long waits in immigration centers Housing Often lived in ethnic neighborhoods where immigrants with similar backgrounds could help one another Work Took jobs in any industry that was hiring; often faced bad working conditions and received low wages Assimilation Learned U.S. politics, culture, and language; contributed parts of their native culture to U.S. culture

13. How were the new immigrants different from earlier immigrants? How did immigrants support one another? Why did nonwhite immigrants have a harder time assimilating than European immigrants did?

14. Back to Home Making Generalizations How well does the idea of the melting pot reflect U.S. immigration around 1900? Think About assimilation immigrant languages and cultures ethnic neighborhoods

15. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Racial discrimination ran through American society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Modern American society continues to face the problems caused by racism and discrimination.

16. Who were some of the important people and what were some important events related to racial discrimination around 1900? PEOPLEEVENTS Homer Plessy Ida B. Wells Booker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Springfield, Illinois, race riot (1908) Founding of the NAACP (1909) Rock Springs massacre (1885)

17. What were Jim Crow laws? How did discrimination against African Americans in the North differ from discrimination in the South? What did Chinese immigrants and Mexican immigrants have in common?

18. Back to Home Solving Problems What could have been done to end racial discrimination against nonwhites in the United States at the turn of the century? Think About attitudes of whites about nonwhites the efforts of nonwhites to find jobs and security competition for jobs

19. Main Idea Why It Matters Now Industrialization and new technologies created a mass culture in the United States. Modern American mass culture had its beginnings during this period.

20. What changes created a mass culture around 1900? Leisure Amusement parks; world’s fairs; spectator sports; vaudeville shows; ragtime; movies Shopping Department stores; mail-order catalogs; national advertising Image Education School enrollments increased; literacy increased MASS CULTURE

21. What did dime novels and newspapers have in common? How did mail-order catalogs affect the way people shopped? What did visitors see at world’s fairs?

22. Back to Home Making Inferences Why did mass culture emerge during this period? Think About the impact of newspapers advertising and catalogs the development of leisure time

23. REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES

24. 1 How did public transportation change city life? 2 What dangers did urban overcrowding pose to tenement dwellers? 3 How did big-city political machines keep their power? 4 Where did most American immigrants come from around 1900? 5 How did immigrants enter the United States?

25. 6 Why have some people described the United States as a melting pot? 7 Why was Plessy v. Ferguson an important Supreme Court decision? 8 What did African-American leaders do to fight discrimination? 9 What is mass culture? 10 How did city parks improve city life?

26. Civil Rights Segregation expanded, mostly in the South. Nonwhites faced discrimination in all regions of the country. NAACP was founded. Immigration Immigrants came to the United States for jobs. New immigrants came, especially from southern and eastern Europe. Immigrants contributed to the growth of political machines. Politics Political machines emerged in cities. They often helped immigrants and built many public facilities. But they were also corrupt. Education Schools were segregated in many parts of the country. African Americans set up schools for their own advancement. Public education grew greatly at the turn of the century. Literacy rates increased. Technology Elevators, steel beams, electricity, and streetcars helped cities grow. Wright brothers invented the airplane. Movies were developed. Mass Culture Education expanded. Increased literacy led to greater popularity of books and newspapers. Advertising increased demand for goods. Parks, fairs, sports, and movies provided leisure activities. CHANGES IN AMERICAN LIFE Back to Home Categorizing

27. These labels let you know where you are in the presentation. Back to Previous Map Image When you click on the arrow you will be linked to a related visual. These buttons link you to special areas. To reveal the content of a slide just press the space bar or click your mouse once. Use these buttons to go back to the previous slide, or to move forward in the presentation. To use a button, move your pointer over the button. When your pointer becomes a hand, click your mouse.

28. NO MAPS IN CHAPTER 21