1. Is There Life Out There? Our Solar System (and beyond) Draw a picture of what you think life would look like on another planet, if it existed. Describe why you drew that image.

2.  Liquid water  Habitable Zone Habitable Zone  What can effect HZ?  Star – size and temperature  Distance from star  Size of planet  Structure of planet  Presence of atmosphere  Other source of heat What is needed for life to exist? http://phl.upr.edu/library/notes/summarylimitsofthenewhabitablezone

3.  How did it form?  Basic facts  99.8% of mass  100x diameter of Earth  5,527 o C  92.1% H, 7.8% He  Plasma  Sun today Sun today Our Sun http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/524990main_FAQ10_full.jpg

4.  Core  Dense  Hydrogen fusion  Radiative (radiation) zone  Uses radiation  Energy moves slowly  Convection zone  Uses convection  Materials rise and sink due to density  Moves more quickly Inner Solar Structure

5.  Photosphere  Visible surface  Chromosphere  Red  High speed gas  Corona  Hot  Outermost layer  Seen during an eclipse Outer Solar Structure

6.  Sunspots  Dark  Cold  Solar flares  High energy  Explosive  Prominence  Loops/arches Surface Feature Basics http://www.space.com/11506-space-weather-sunspots-solar-flares-coronal-mass-ejections.html http://spacefellowship.com/news/art21967/the-strange-case-of-solar-flares-and-radioactive-elements.html http://oneminuteastronomer.com/1018/sunspots/

7. 1.VideoVideo  Write down your observations  Why did that happen? 2.Correct solar structure worksheet 3.What is needed for life as we know it? 4.Describe 3 things that would effect where life could be found in a solar system. Daily Review #1

8. Sunspot Lab

9.  What is a magnetic field?  What causes a magnetic field?  On the Sun?  Effect of rotation  Different rotation rates  Magnetic field lines get wound up  Eventually snap  Causes a solar flare  Solar prominences  Follow magnetic field lines into space Sun’s Magnetic Field http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-205_162-57597396/

10.  Solar Quiz – Get out a computer and log on to your account Daily Review #2

11.  Cooler than nearby areas  Appear in pairs  Intense magnetic field  Lines go out and in  Predictable cycle  11-years  Minimums  Last = 2008  Low # of prominences, flares and sunspots  Cooler climate on Earth  Next maximum = 2013 Sunspots

12.  Hot, high speed, plasma streams  Corona expanding  Coronal Mass Ejections (CME)  Massive eruption  Rearrangement of magnetic field lines  One hit on 10/15/13  Effects on Earth  Disrupt magnetic field shape  Danger to astronauts  Damage electronics  Aurora Solar Wind http://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/browse/2013/10/14/index.shtml

13.  Borealis or Australis  Interaction of particles and magnetic field  Particles drawn to poles  Colors  Elements  Altitude  Constantly changing  Video Video Aurora http://www.public.iastate.edu/~sdk/fick2003/october.html http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/09/pictures/110930-northern-lights-aurora-borealis-bright-colors/#/space163-aurora-borealis-from-space_41077_600x450.jpg

14.  Astronomical unit (AU)  Average distance from Sun to Earth  1 AU= 9.3 x 10 7 mi = 1.5 x 10 8 km  Calculate the AU distance between the Earth and the Moon, 0.38 million km Distances within our Solar System

15. 5.Ceres is located 414,000,000 km from the Sun. How far is that in astronomical units? 6.How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares similar? 7.How are sunspots, solar prominences and solar flares different? 8.How are the aurora created? 9.How can a CME change the aurora? Daily Review #3

16.  Nebula  Inner edges  Heavier elements  Hotter  Rocky planets  Outer edges  Cooler  Lighter elements  Gas planets  Nebula  planetesimals  protoplanets Forming the Solar System http://lifeng.lamost.org/courses/astrotoday/CHAISSON/AT315/HTML/AT31502.HTM http://www.seasky.org/solar-system/solar-system.html

17.  Evidence for formation from one nebula  Nearly circular orbits  Orbit in same direction  Orbits in same plane  Planets rotate in same direction (mostly) Formation – cont. http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/solarsys/revolution.html

18.  Terrestrial planets  Asteroid belt  Effected by Jupiter  May leave and collide with planets  Meteorites  Gas giants  Kuiper belt  Icy chunks  Oort cloud  Comets  Source of Earth’s water? Terrestrial vs. Gas Planets and More! http://mybroadband.co.za/vb/showthread.php/280231-Positions-of-Asteroid-Kuiper-Belts-amp-Oort-Cloud

19.  What does it cause to happen?  Attraction, orbiting  Laws  Newton  More mass = more gravity  Closer together = more gravity  Fall at constant rate  Theories  Why does it exist?  Einstein  Gravitons Gravity http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/grav.html http://www.universetoday.com/38858/new-way-to-measure-curvature-of-space-could-unite-gravity-theory/

20. Mass  kg, g, lbs.  Balance  Definition  Doesn’t change with location Weight  Newtons  Scale  Definition  Calculate: W = mg  Can change with location and motionlocation  Weightlessness

21.  What was discovered by the Mars Curiosity rover and its research?  Why are those discoveries important?  Should we continue this research? Why or why not? Recent Discoveries about Mars

22. 10.Describe how the planets, moons and other items formed in the solar system 11.Draw a picture of the solar system including the location of the asteroid belt, Kuiper belt and Oort cloud 12.How are mass and weight different? 13.Should the U.S. spend more, less or the same amount of money on exploring space? Why? Daily Review #4

23.  Captured by Earth’s gravity  Formed at same time as Earth  Collision of planetesimals  Current theory  Collision with early Earth  Similar material to Earth  Age – 4.5 billion years Formation of the Moon Theories http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/13/130710-moon-birth-impact-science-space-cover/

24.  Structure  Solid inner core  Liquid outer core  Solid mantle  No magnetic field  Virtually no atmosphere  Same side faces the Earth  Drastic temp. differences  Surface shaped by  Early volcanic activity  Asteroids  Reflects sunlight Moon Basics http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_structure_of_the_Moon http://www.madpc.co.uk/~peterl/Moon/Craters/Apennines.html

25.  Complete front of worksheet  What is occurring in these phases?  Full  New  Quarter  Between phases  Waxing vs. waning  Gibbous vs. crescent  Name the phasephase Moon Phases http://www.moonconnection.com/moon_phases.phtml

26.  Complete worksheet  Lunar Lunar  Which phase?  What is happening?  Doesn’t always happen because of the Moon’s orbital path  Solar Solar  Which phase?  What is happening?  Only seen on a portion of the Earth Eclipses http://kids.britannica.com/elementary/art-87433/During-a-solar-eclipse-the-Moon-passes-between-the-sun

27. 14.What is the current theory on how the Moon was formed? 15.Describe how the new moon and full moon are created. 16.How are solar and lunar eclipses similar? How are they different? 17.In 2006, a group of astronomers gathered and one of their tasks was to define what makes something a planet. What would your definition be? Daily Review #5

28. 1.Orbit a star 2.Round  Has enough gravity 3.Dominant object in its orbit  What is not on this list, but is on yours?  What if it doesn’t meet all the requirements? What is a Planet? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_planet_types

29.  Dwarf planet 1.Orbit a star 2.Round  Asteroid 1.Orbit a star  Where?  Moon (natural satellite) 1.Orbit another body  What all would be considered a moon? What else could it be? http://starryskies.com/The_sky/events/lunar-2003/planets.moons.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asteroidsscale.jpg

30.  Orbits the sun once every 90,465 days  Volume is about 1/200 th the size of Earth  Large enough to relatively round in shape  Average surface temperature -229 O C  ~5.9 billion km from the Sun (outside of the gas giants)  Elliptical and angled orbit  Crosses paths with Neptune (which is much larger than this new object) A new celestial body has been discovered! How should this body be classified and why? Craft and argument and support with evidence.

31.  Why is it not a planet? 1.Orbit a star?  Yes 2.Round?  Yes 3.Dominant object in orbit?  NO! NO!  What is Pluto? This object is also known as… PLUTO!!!

32. 18.What does it take to be considered a planet? 19.If a body in space is not a planet, what else could it be? 20.Describe 5 different characteristics of the Moon. 21.Describe how the Moon effects the tides on Earth. Daily Review #6

33.  What patterns do you observe on the tide chart?  How are the patterns you saw related to the phases of the moon? Tides

34.  Tides!  Bay of Fundy Bay of Fundy  Big Picture Big Picture  Tides vs. Waves  High vs. Low  Where on Earth? Earth and its Moon