2. Kingdom of Heaven

3.  The city of Jerusalem is a holy city for the three western world religions: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam  Jews believe the Temple Mount and the Western (Wailing) Wall is the location of the Temple of Solomon  Christians believe Jerusalem is where Jesus Christ was crucified and raised from the dead  Muslims believe Jerusalem is where the prophet Muhammad ascended to Heaven

4. Blame the Romans  The Romans under Titus tore down the last standing Jewish temple in 70  When the Arabs took over, they built the Dome of the Rock over the ruins  Christians did not like the idea of “their” holy city being in Muslim hands

5. Pope Urban II at Clermont, 1095  Urban II calls for a ‘crusade to retake the Holy Land’  Promises the forgiveness of sins to anyone who fights in the crusade  Deus Vult: God wills it

6. The First Crusade  In 1096, the knights of the First Crusade set off  Sacked Antioch in 1098  Conquered Jerusalem in 1099  The Crusaders massacred Jews and Muslims in their sack of the city

7. Godfrey de Bouillon and the Crusader Kingdoms

8. Kingdom of Jerusalem  Under Godfrey, Crusader knights built the current Church of the Holy Sepulchre and established the Kingdom of Jerusalem…  By 1145 the Muslims were threatening to take it all back

9. The Second Crusade  A Complete Disaster

10. Salah ad-Din  Becomes Sultan in 1174  Known as Saladin, he is hailed as an example of a virtuous knight…  …Probably because he beat the living daylights out of the Crusaders  Salah ad-Din retook Jerusalem in 1187

11. The Third Crusade  Richard the Lionheart launches the Third Crusade, with Frederick Barbarossa, and Philip II  Frederick drowns, Philip quits, Richard stalemates with Saladin  Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands

12. The Fourth Crusade, 1202  Pope Innocent III decides to launch the Fourth Crusade  Second and Third Crusades ended in stalemate and failure  Crusaders get involved in a Byzantine power dispute  At the urging of Venice, the knights of the Fourth Crusade commit one of the greatest atrocities in Western History

13. Sack of Constantinople, 1204

14. The Sack of Constantinople  For three days, the Crusaders destroyed the Christian city of Constantinople  Priceless ancient and medieval Greek and Roman works were destroyed  Relics were stolen from churches  The Library of Constantinople was burned to the ground  Unknown works of Sophocles were lost  Women and children were slaughtered  Numerous churches were burned

15. Aftermath of The Crusades  Since 1187, parts of Jerusalem have remained in Muslim control  The Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church irrevocably split  The Crusades are still a source of tension between Christians and Muslims today  The massacre of Jews became a regular feature of European life

16. The Main Event  Write in your Civics notebook, underneath your notes, the MAIN EVENT  The MAIN IDEA or IDEAS of today’s lesson  AT LEAST ONE thing you learned today  Any questions you may have