1. Section 6.3: Kingdom Animalia pg. 182-197

2. Part 1: Invertebrates

3. Animal Kingdom Includes the very small to the very large organisms on Earth. Animals: – are multicellular eukaryotes – are heterotrophic – reproduce sexually

4. Animal Characteristics These are used to classify animals into different phyla: 1.The number of Germ Layers – “germ” = cells in early stages – Most have 3 layers: ectoderm (outer), endoderm (inner) & mesoderm (middle)

6. 2.Digestive Tract – Most animals use extracellular digestion – Incomplete digestive tract : only one opening (food & wastes use the same opening) – Complete digestive tract : separate openings for food & wastes.

7. 3.Body Symmetry – Asymmetrical Body : irregular shape (i.e. sponges, who are the simplest animals) – Symmetrical Body : most animals are balanced in their shape

8. Symmetry There are 2 types of symmetry 1.Radial (Fig. 6.17a, pg. 185) 2.Bilateral (Fig. 6.17b, pg. 185)

9. 4.Development of a Coelom – Coelom = a fluid-filled body cavity – The presence of a coelom allows for the development of more complex organ systems. – Animals with a coelom = coelomates – Animals without a coelom = acoelomates

10. 5.Reproduction – All animals reproduce sexually – Some also reproduce asexually – Some are hermaphrodites = have both male & female reproductive organs

11. Invertebrates (95% of Animal Kingdom) Examples include: (see Table 6.2, pages 183-184) – sponges – sea anemones – jellyfish – coral – planarians – tapeworms – leech – slug – clam – octopus – starfish – sand dollars, etc.

12. Invertebrate Characteristics Lack of internal structures Reproduction includes sexual & asexual Some are coelomate (i.e. earthworm) & some are acoelomate (i.e. flatworm)

13. Invertebrate Characteristics Can have asymmetrical (i.e. sponges), radial (i.e. jellyfish) or bilateral body forms (i.e. earthworm).

14. There are over 30 phyla of invertebrates, but we will look at the major eight.

15. 8 Phyla of Invertebrates 1.Porifera 2.Cnidaria 3.Platyhelminthes 4.Nematoda 5.Annelida 6.Mollusca 7.Echinodermata 8.Arthropoda

16. Phylum Porifera Means “pore-bearing” Example: Sponges

17. Phylum Cnidaria Means “thistle” Examples: Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, hydras

18. Phylum Platyhelminthes Means “flat, wide worms” Examples: Tapeworms, flukes, planarians

19. Phylum Nematoda Means “thread-like” Examples: Pinworms, hookworms

20. Phylum Annelida Means “ring” Examples: Earthworms, leeches, tubeworms

21. Phylum Mollusca Means “soft-bodied” Examples: clams, oysters, squids, octopi, snails, slugs, scallops

22. Phylum Echinodermata Means “spiny-skinned” Examples: starfish, sea cucumbers, sand dollars, sea urchins

23. Phylum Arthropoda The MOST successful phylum!! Over 1 million species have been identified. Very diverse – some live at the bottom of the ocean, and some float in the air.

24. Examples of Arthropods Include: – Insects – Spiders – Shrimp – Barnacles – Lobster – Scorpions

25. Arthropods… have jointed appendages have bilateral symmetry have a coelom have a “tube within a tube” digestive system reproduce sexually

26. Why are Arthropods So Successful? Exoskeleton: – a rigid, jointed external skeleton – is waterproof and protects against water loss – they must shed their exoskeleton in order to grow.

27. Other Reasons Why They Are Successful… The nature of their body segments & attached appendages. Their well-developed nervous system. Their structures & functions related to feeding themselves.

28. Insects The most successful species on Earth. But Why??? 1.They have many adaptations for feeding. 2.Most are small in size, allowing them to hide. 3.They move quickly and many have wings.

29. Insect Mimicry Some insects have an adaptation called mimicry. Mimicry: the ability to look like something else.

30. Two Short Videos Insect Mimicry Phylum Arthropoda “How Stuff Works”

31. Section 6.3: Part 1 Review Activities Do the “Survey of Invertebrates” handout. Go to lab to do the Investigation 6C on pages 188-189.