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THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
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The animal kingdom can be divided into 9 smaller groups
The animal kingdom can be divided into 9 smaller groups. Each group is called a phylum.
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PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges
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Sponges are sessile animals (they spend their lives attached to rocks)
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Water enters the small pores of a sponge, travels through canals, and exits through a large hole at the top of the sponge.
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PHYLUM CNIDARIA Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
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Members of this phylum have tentacles with stinging cells.
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Cnidarians can have one of two body shapes: an umbrella-shaped medusa form, like the jellyfish on the left, or a vase-shaped polyp form, like the sea anemone on the right.
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Coral reefs contain many members of Phylum Cnidaria.
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PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Flatworms
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The worms in this phylum are all very thin and flat, like this parasitic liver fluke.
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All flatworms, including this planarian, have bilateral symmetry.
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Flatworms are the first animals to have a head
Flatworms are the first animals to have a head. Note the hooks and suckers on the head of this tapeworm.
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PHYLUM NEMATODA Roundworms
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Nematodes are not segmented; their body surfaces appear smooth.
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Many nematodes are parasites, such as this pork worm named Trichinella.
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Nematodes have a complete digestive tract, with a mouth at one end where food enters, and an opening at the other end where wastes exit.
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PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Clams, snails, squid, octopus
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Most mollusks have a hard shell covering their soft bodies.
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Clams have a wedge-shaped muscular foot used for locomotion.
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Mollusks breathe by means of gills.
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Not all mollusks have shells. This squid does not.
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This octopus does not have a shell either, but it is still a mollusk.
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PHYLUM ANNELIDA Earthworms, sandworms, leeches
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Annelids have bodies that are segmented (divided into sections).
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Annelids have a circulatory system to pump blood
Annelids have a circulatory system to pump blood. This earthworm has 5 hearts!
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Annelid worms have a body cavity called a coelom which provides room for organ development.
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PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Crayfish, lobsters, crabs, insects, spiders
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All arthropods, including this tick, have jointed legs.
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Arthropods have a crunchy shell called an exoskeleton.
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Arthropods have very well-developed sense organs.
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PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins
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Echinoderms have spiny (prickly) skin.
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Adult echinoderms have radial symmetry.
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The bottom of this starfish is covered with tube feet for locomotion.
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PHYLUM CHORDATA Fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
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Members of Phylum Chordata have a backbone (they are vertebrates).
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Phylum Chordata can be subdivided into 7 classes: AGNATHA CHONDRICHTHYES OSTEICHTHYES AMPHIBIA REPTILIA AVES MAMMALIA
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Class Agnatha includes jawless fish such as lampreys
Class Agnatha includes jawless fish such as lampreys. They are parasites on other fish.
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Class Chondrichthyes includes fish whose skeletons are made of cartilage, such as sharks, rays, and skates.
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Class Osteichthyes includes fish whose skeletons are made of bone.
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Class Amphibia includes semi-aquatic animals with moist skin
Class Amphibia includes semi-aquatic animals with moist skin. They must return to the water to breed.
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Class Reptilia includes snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, and iguanas. They have dry, scaly skin.
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Members of Class Aves have wings and feathers for flight.
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Class Mammalia includes animals with hair or fur
Class Mammalia includes animals with hair or fur. Females have mammary glands to nurse their young with milk.
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THE END
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