1. Introduction to Animals
Monday, April 8th
Introduction to Animals
Objective: Be able to identify if an organism is in the animal kingdom based off characteristics

2. 10 Animal Phylums

3. Reproduce sexually and asexually Lack cell walls
WHAT IS AN ANIMAL
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Eukaryotic
Reproduce sexually and asexually
Lack cell walls

4. SYMMETRY Asymmetry-no body plan(sponges)
Radial Symmetry-radiate from center (jelly fish)
Bilateral Symmetry-identical halves when cut from head to tail.

5. Anatomical Terminology
Superior (toward head)
Inferior (toward feet)
Dorsal (toward back)
Ventral ( toward front)
Medial (towards center)
Lateral (towards outside)
Proximal
Distal

6. BODY PLAN
coelom - body cavity to house organs. An evolutionary advantage
acoelomate - no body cavity present
Pseudocoelomate – partial body cavity

7. Germ Layers Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm inner layer of cells
Introduction to Animals
Germ Layers
Endoderm
inner layer of cells
Ectoderm
outer layer of cells
Mesoderm
layer of cells between the endoderm and ectoderm

8. 10 Animal Phylums

9. SPONGES Lack TRUE Tissues Sessile (doesn’t move)
PHYLUM PORIFERA
SPONGES
FEEDING: water is drawn in through pores into a central cavity and out of opening called OSCULUM
Lack TRUE Tissues
Sessile (doesn’t move)

10. NO Tissues or coordination between parts
2 Tissue Layers
Ectoderm & Endoderm
Hermaphrodites
Egg & Sperm – Sexual reproduction results when sperm are drawn to other sponge
Capable of Regeneration
NO Tissues or coordination between parts

11. Check these Porifera out 

12. Hydra, Sea Jelly (Jellyfish), corals
PHYLUM CNIDARIA
Hydra, Sea Jelly (Jellyfish), corals
2 Germ Layers
Endotherm & Ectotherm
**Muscles & Nerves
Simplest Form
**Radial Symmetry
** evolutionary advancement
radial symmetry*
*denotes evolutionary advancement

13. Body is a sac with a central gastrovascular cavity and 1 opening (mouth and anus)
Carnivores: use nematocysts (tentacles) to capture prey
Can occur as POLYP (sessile) or MEDUSA (free swimming)
Reproduce by spawning

17. PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Flatworms, flukes, tapeworms
Bilateral symmetry*
3 tissue layers*
ectoderm/mesoderm/endoderm
more complex organ systems and true muscles*

19. only 1 opening
Reproduction:
sexually - exchange sperm through internal fertilization
asexually - regeneration
Hermaphrodites

20. PHYLUM NEMATODA roundworms Most numerous of all animals
complete digestive tract; 2 OPENINGS*
Reproduction is usually sexual w/ separate males and females
Fertilization is internal
Pseudocoelom*

22. parasitic worms

24. PHYLUM ANNELIDA Segmented worms: earthworm, leech all have segments*
Coelom (body cavity) - houses, cushions and protects organs*
Digestive system has specialized regions;Pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard and intestines

25. Closed circulatory system; blood*
“brainlike” cerebral ganglia
Hermaphroditic but cross fertilize (exchange sperm and store it in clitellium)
The Giant Earthworm

27. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Snails, oysters, octopus coelom* BODY: 3 main parts
FOOT (movement)
VISCERAL MASS (internal organs)
MANTLE (shell)

28. Separate sexes with ovaries and testes in visceral mass -- reproduce sexually

29. CLASSES of Mollusks Class Gastropoda - snails, slugs single shell
Class Bivalvia - oysters, clams
suspension feeders
two shells
Class Cephlapoda - octopus, squid
built for speed -- carnivores,
reduced shell (beak)

31. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA Sea stars, sea urchins Radial symmetry
plates with spines embedded in soft body tissues.

32. External fertilization; separate males and females
simple nervous and sensory system; no excretory system
Gill-like structures
a sea star is a predator; it spits its stomach from its mouth and digests its food and brings the stomach back in.

35. PHYLUM
Arthropoda

36. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Most successful group of animals ever to live
segmentation, hard skeleton and jointed appendages led to great success.

37. Appendages are modified for walking, feeding, flying, sensory reception, copulation and defense
Body covered with cuticle (exoskeleton) made of chitin; provides protection and place for muscle attachment
Grow by molting
Separate sexes: males and females

38. Well developed sensory organs including eyes, olfactory receptors (scent), antennae (touch).
Cephalization is extensive (well defined head)

40. CLASS ARACHNIDA spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions
2 body parts (cephalothorax and abdomen)
anterior appendages are modified as pincers or fangs (chelicerae)

41. CLASS DIPLOPODA (millipedes)
2 pair of legs per segment
saprophytes
CLASS CHILOPODA (centipedes)
1 pair of legs per segment
carnivorous, poisonous

42. Class Insecta out number all other life forms combined complex NS
3 body regions (head, thorax and abdomen)
specialized mouthparts (mandibles for eating)
3 pairs of legs
Pollination

43. CLASS CRUSTACEA Lobsters, crawfish, shrimp, crab Most are aquatic
Head and thorax fused into 1 cephalothorax

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