1. HC #5 Consequences of the Civil Rights Movement Affirmative Action & Forced Busing

2. Objective… Describe how affirmative action policies address the inequalities of American society. Describe the controversy surrounding affirmative action.

3. Positive change: Blacks benefited from desegregation & voting rights The problem: The pace of change was slow & frustrating to some people. Many businesses maintained discriminating hiring practices.

4. 1965: “Affirmative Action” Affirmative action is intended to promote equal opportunity for minority groups. The justification for affirmative action is that it helps to compensate for past discrimination. LBJ issues E.O. 11246 which required federal contractors to hire without regard to race, religion & national origin. In 1968, gender was added to the anti-discrimination list.

5. 1967: LBJ appoints Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court… The NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v. Board of Ed case before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court's first African-American justice. Supreme Court justice from 1967-1991.

6. Affirmative Action - Social justice of reverse discrimination? Reverse discrimination is a term referring to discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group.

7. 1971: Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Ed. The goal: Regardless of race all students must receive equal educational opportunities. The Supreme Court ruled that students will be bused between districts to achieve integrated schools.