2. The Cold War: Super Powers Face Off How does the Cold War begin?

3. Cold War Begins: Eastern Europe 1945: Despite promising free elections, Stalin installs communist govts in “satellite states” throughout Eastern Europe The satellite states are known as the Eastern Bloc, and are all under the Soviet Sphere of Influence Countries include: 1. Poland 2. Czechoslovakia 3. Hungary 4. Romania 5. Bulgaria 7. Yugoslavia (until ’48) 6. Albania (until 1960) 8. E. Germany (1949)

4. 1946: Truman tells Stalin he has violated the Yalta Agreement, Stalin still refuses elections & Cold War rhetoric heats up In a speech Stalin states “Communism & Capitalism cannot coexist” At a Missouri speech, Churchill describes an “Iron Curtain” that divides Europe US Diplomat George Kennan writes an article stating how the US must “contain” the spread of Communism President Truman adopts the “containment” foreign policy Truman Doctrine= US will support those who reject Communism Marshall Plan = US will give money to non- communist or non E. Bloc countries = Even though Yugoslavia is Communist, by 1948 their leader Josip Tito splits with Stalin & are no longer in Eastern Bloc US Containment Policy

5. Containment Policy Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan US Cold War Foreign Policy

6. The Marshall Plan (Page 534) 1.What three countries get the most aid from the Marshall Plan? 2.Which “Communist” country gets money? 3.Why do you think they get money? 4.Will the Marshall plan make the Cold War worse? Why/ why not? Use the political cartoon to help decide.

7. The United Nations (UN) United Nations formed in June 1945 to replace League of Nations Designed to protect member nations, nations pledge troops to UN First body of UN: General Assembly, all member nations get a vote Security council’s has power to use armed forces if needed Second body of UN: Security Council, Eleven members vote (5 permanent, 6 rotate) Permanent members have veto power (US, Britain, Soviet Union, France, China) US donates land in NYC for UN