1. Jeff Dyer - BYU Global Strategic Management Philips & Matsushita: Types of International Strategy

2. Jeff Dyer - BYU TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL STRATEGY MULTI-DOMESTIC STRATEGY Product is fully customized in each country. Decentralized federation of national organizations. Local decision making authority. Effective when differences between countries are large. Sources of Advantage: Differentiation Local responsiveness Minimize political risk Minimize rate exchange risk GLOBAL STRATEGY Product is standardized worldwide Centralized organization structure. National subsidiaries possess little decision-making authority. Effective when differences between countries are small. Sources of Advantage: Cost Ability to coordinate activities Speed in new product development

3. Jeff Dyer - BYU A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS Pressures for Global Integration Pressures for Local Differentiation

4. Jeff Dyer - BYU A Framework: Global Integration - Local Differentiation High Low Forces for Global Integration Forces for Local Differentiation Global Strategy Multi-domestic Strategy Local Strategy

5. Jeff Dyer - BYU HQ STRATEGIC INTENT:Gain Global Market Share Leadership POLICIES: Specialized Production and R&D Centers Break Down Value Chain and Exploit Low Cost Locations World Products to Build Volume and Global Product Roll-out Price Leadership Optimize Global Network at Local Expense International Human Resources GLOBAL STRATEGY Source: J. de la Torre

6. Jeff Dyer - BYU The Extreme Global Value Chain CountryActivities ABCDEFGHABCDEFGH R & D Design Purch- asing Manu- facturing Marketing Selling Distrib- ution Service DesignPurchasing Manu- facturing Etc.

7. Jeff Dyer - BYU THE GLOBAL MAXIMIZER Some Companies Emphasizing this Approach: Royal Dutch Shell Caterpillar Hewlett Packard Boeing Intel Coca Cola Matsushita IBM American Express LM Ericsson Toyota Sony THERE IS RELATIVELY LITTLE ROOM FOR JOINT VENTURES IN THIS MODEL, EXCEPT FOR UPSTREAM ACTIVITIES. ACQUISITIONS PLAY A SECONDARY ROLE VS. INTERNAL GROWTH AND GREENFIELD INVESTMENTS. Source: J. de la Torre

8. Jeff Dyer - BYU 2. A MULTI-DOMESTIC STRATEGY HOLDING STRATEGIC INTENT: Gain Key Positions in Selected Markets POLICIES: Tailor Products to National Idiosyncrasies Differentiated Operations Sacrifice Efficiency for Market Access Reach Economies of Scale Upstream Maximize Local Value Added Gain Government Support Use Join Ventures to Preempt Competition and Add Local Value National Human Resources Source: J. de la Torre

9. Jeff Dyer - BYU The Fully Multi-local Value Chain CountryActivities ABC****ZABC****Z R & DDesignService Distrib- utionSelling Market -ing Manu- facturing Purch- asing R & D Design Purch- asing Purch- asing Purch- asing Manu- facturing Manu- facturing Manu- facturing Market -ing Selling Distrib- ution Distrib- ution Distrib- ution Service

10. Jeff Dyer - BYU THE FEDERALIST Some Companies Emphasizing this Approach: Unilever Procter & Gamble Federal Express PricewaterhouseCoopers KPMG Heineken Philips Nestlé BASF General Motors Carrefour Wal-Mart THERE IS AMPLE ROOM FOR JOINT VENTURES AND LOCAL AFFILIATIONS IN THIS MODEL. ACQUISITIONS PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO OBTAIN DOMESTIC PRESENCE IN IMPORTANT MARKETS Source: J. de la Torre

11. Jeff Dyer - BYU Linking Market, Strategy, Structure & Processes

12. Jeff Dyer - BYU Where Next ? High Low Forces for Global Integration Forces for Local Responsiveness ?