1. outer ear
anatomy
physiology
disorders

2. anatomy
pinna

3. anatomy
ear canal

4. anatomy
tympanic membrane

5. physiology
pinna
vertical localization
resonance

6. physiology ear canal pathway protects TM constant temp and humidity
resonator

7. physiology
tympanic membrane will be considered along with the section on the middle ear (chap 10)

8. disorders atresia collapsed ear canals foreign bodies external otitis
growths in ear canal
impacted cerumen
tympanic membrane perforations
tympanosclerosis

9. disorders atresia complete congenital closure of the ear canal
hearing loss: moderate flat conductive
treatment: surgery

10. disorders
typical atresia audiogram and photo

11. disorders collapsed ear canals
artifact due to pressure of supraaural earphones on ear canals
false conductive loss

12. disorders foreign bodies any foreign object in ear canal
no hearing loss
treatment involves removing object

13. disorders
examples of foreign bodies

14. disorders external otitis (otitis externa)
bacterial or fungal infection of the ear canal
no hearing loss
anti-biotics used for treatment

15. disorders growths in ear canal osteotomas and extoses
normally no treatment or hearing loss

16. disorders impacted cerumen slight to mild sloping hearing loss
physical removal

17. disorders
impacted cerumen

18. disorders tympanic membrane perforations causes vary
usually no hearing loss
may heal spontaneously or require myringoplasty

19. disorders tympanosclerosis ususally due to repeated scaring
no hearing loss to a mild rising loss
no known treatment

20. disorders
Most outer ear disorders have normal acoustic immittance results
The exceptions are ...
atresia
impacted cerumen
tympanic membrane perforations
tympanosclerosis

21. summary