1. Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 93
Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- Male and Female reproductive systems
Essential Question: Write the functions of each of the parts of the male/female reproductive system (in pictures)
6.6 Reproduction- Male and female reproductive systems
Write the functions of each of the parts of the male/female reproductive system (in pictures)
Key Vocabulary:
Male:
seminal vesicle
prostate gland
vas deferens
epididymis
testis
scrotum
Female:
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Vagina
Cervix
BIOZONE:

2. Human Reproduction
Everything comes down to a male gamete (sperm) fertilizing a female gamete (egg or ovum)
Ensures ½ genetic makeup of the resulting zygote comes from each parent
Ensures genetic variation in the human species

3. Human Reproduction
Hormones play a key role

4. Human Reproduction Development of sexual dimorphism
Different body forms of males and females

5. Assessment Statements
List three roles of testosterone in males

6. Human Reproduction Regulation of sexual physiology
Ex: testosterone in males
Determines the development of male genitalia during embryonic development
Ensures development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty (facial hair etc.)
Maintains the sex drive of males throughout their lifetime

7. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
The structures of the male and female reproductive systems are adapted for the production and release of the gametes

8. The Male and Female Reproductive Systems
The female reproductive system:
Ensures a suitable location for fertilization
Provides an environment for the growth of the embryo then fetus until birth

9. Assessment Statements
Draw and label diagrams of the adult male and female reproductive systems

10. Male Reproductive System
Label the male reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part
p in text

11. Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Urethra
anus
epididymis
Erectile tissue of penis
scrotum
Testis

12. Urinary bladder- collects urine
Vas deferens- transports sperm from epididymis
Urethra- tube connected to bladder for excretion of urine and semen
Erectile tissue- tissue with vascular spaces to be engorged with blood for erection
Seminal vesicle- gland that makes most content (70%) of semen
Prostate gland- that secretes milky white fluid that makes up 30% of semen
Anus- opening at which solid waste is excreted
Epididymis- tube that carries sperm from testes to vas deferens
Scrotum- sack of skin that contains the testes, epididymis and part of the vas deferens
Testis- (plural testes- or testicles) produces sperm and male hormones

13. Female Reproductive System plus bladder
Label the female reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part
p in text

14. Female Reproductive System plus bladder
Oviduct aka Fallopian tube
Ovary
Uterus
Cervix
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Urethra
Anus
Vaginal opening

15. Cervix- lower part of the uterus, opens for childbirth
Vagina- muscular tube leading from external genitals to cervix
Anus- opening at which solid waste is excreted
Oviduct (Fallopian Tubes)- the tube through which an ovum (egg) passes from an ovary
Ovary- female reproductive organ in which eggs are produced
Uterus- (womb) connects cervix and fallopian tubes- fetus develops here
Urinary bladder- collects urine
Urethra- tube connected to bladder for excretion
Vaginal Opening- opening to vagina

16. Female Reproductive System (external/internal detail)
aka fallopian tubes
Label the female reproductive system- write a short description of the function of each part
p in text
(inner lining of uterus)

17. Female Reproductive System (external/internal detail)
Oviduct aka Fallopian Tubes
aka fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Follicles
Corpus Luteum
Wall of uterus
Uterus
Endometrium
(inner lining of uterus)
(inner lining of uterus)
Cervix
Vagina

18. Endometrium: blood-rich, inner mucous membrane of the uterus
Corpus Luteum- temporary endocrine structure that secretes progesterone to make the uterus more suitable for implantation

19. Crash Course: Reproductive System (12m2s)

20. BIOZONE: 344 6.6 Reproduction- Menstruation
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 95
Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- Menstruation
Essential Question: How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?
6.6 Reproduction- Menstruation
How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?
Key Vocabulary:
Menstruation
BIOZONE: 344

21. Assessment Statements
Outline the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), oestrogen and progesterone

22. Menstrual Cycle
The menstrual cycle prepares the ovaries for ovulation and the uterus for implantation
Starts at puberty
On average, 28 day cycle
Purpose: to time the release of an egg or ovum (ovulation) for possible fertilization and later implantation into the inner lining of the uterus
This implantation MUST occur when the uterine inner lining (the endometrium) is rich with blood vessels
It will shed if no implantation occurs
This breakdown leads to menstrual bleeding
This is a sign no pregnancy occurred

23. Progesterone (after ovulation)
Menstrual Cycle
The hypothalamus is the regulatory center of the menstrual cycle
Produces a hormone known as gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
The target tissue is the pituitary gland
Results in the production and secretion of two hormones into the bloodstream
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
The target tissues for these hormones are the ovaries
gland
Ovaries
Progesterone (after ovulation)
Oestrogen
Endometrium of uterus

24. Progesterone (after ovulation)
Menstrual Cycle
FSH and LH have several effects on the ovaries
Increase the production/secretion of another reproductive hormone by the follicle cells of the ovary= estrogen
Estrogen enters the blood steam
Target tissue is the endometrium of the uterus
Results in an increase the blood vessels of the endometrium
gland
Ovaries
Progesterone (after ovulation)
Estrogen
Endometrium of uterus

25. Menstrual Cycle

26. Menstrual Cycle
Another effect of FSH and LH is the production of structures within the ovaries known as Graafian follicles
oocyte

27. Menstrual Cycle Oocytes (immature eggs) are formed 1.
Made up of follicle cells and true reproductive cells in the ovaries 1.

28. Menstrual Cycle 2. Graffian Follicles formed 1. 2.
Under chemical stimulation, the follicle cells and oocytes become Graffian follicles 1. 2.

29. Menstrual Cycle 3. Ovulation Occurs 3.
A spike in the level of FSH and LH leads to ovulation
Release of oocyte from the Graafian follicle
Oocyte is accompanied by the inner ring of follicle cells
Typically enters the Fallopian tube soon after ovulation 3.

30. Menstrual Cycle 4. Corpus Luteum forms 4.
The outer ring of follicle cells remains within the ovary and the cells of this ring divide to become the corpus luteum
This will produce progesterone for days after ovulation
Maintains the thickened, highly vascular endometrium, so embryo can implant
GnRH is not produced when estrogen and progesterone levels are high, so FSH and LH remain at low levels at this time 4.

31. Menstrual Cycle *Assuming there is no pregnancy
5. Corpus luteum breaks down
Leads to a decline in progesterone and estrogen levels
Endometrium can no longer be sustained
Capillaries and blood vessels begin to break
Menstruation begins 5.

32. Menstrual Cycle
Low levels of progesterone and estrogen signal the hypothalamus to begin secreting GnRH and thus another menstrual cycle begins!
There is no beginning or end of the menstrual cycle
We designate the first day of the menstrual cycle as the first day of menstruation

33. Ovulation & the Menstrual Cycle (4m5s)

34. Assessment Statements
Annotate a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and thickening of the endometrium

35. Homework/Classwork
Annotate the graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and thickening of the endometrium
Look at it like a data analysis question. Look for patterns and comparisons you can make throughout the cycle
Ex: When progesterone peaks, what happens to the uterine lining?

36. BIOZONE: 353-354 6.6 Reproduction- IVF and Ethics
Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 97
Topic: 6.6 Reproduction- IVF and Ethics
Essential Question: What are some of the possible complications involved with IVF?
6.6 Reproduction- IVF and Ethics
What are some of the possible complications involved with IVF?
Key Vocabulary:
In Vitro Fertilization
BIOZONE:

37. Assessment Statements
Outline the process of in-vitro fertilization (IVF)

38. In Vitro Fertilization
Please read the In Vitro Fertilization article to gather background on how the procedure is done
Highlight important information
Focus on:
Procedure
Medicines involved
Side effects
Risks involved
% rates of success

39. In Vitro Fertilization
Why would a couple or a person decide to under go IVF?
Think of reasons:
Not just because they want a child!

40. In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Natural fertilization typically occurs in one of a female’s Fallopian tubes hours after ovulation
The resulting zygote begins to divide by mitosis and takes several more days to travel down the Fallopian tube to the endometrium
When the embryo reaches the endometrium, it has already mitotically divided many times
The embryo then implants in the endometrium

42. In-vitro Fertilization (IVF)
Some couples are unable to bear children for a wide variety of possible reasons including:
Males with low sperm counts
Males with impotence (failure to achieve or maintain an erection)
Females who cannot ovulate normally
Females with blocked Fallopian tubes
Reproductive technologies have been developed to help overcome these situations
One of the most common In Vitro Fertilization

43. Steps of an IVF Procedure
Preparation:
A woman is usually injected with FSH for about 10 days
This ensures the development of many Graafian follicles within her ovaries
Several eggs (oocytes) are then harvested surgically

44. Steps of an IVF Procedure
Preparation:
The man ejaculates into a container to obtain sperm cells

45. Steps of an IVF Procedure
Preparation:
The harvested eggs are mixed with sperm cells in separate culture dishes
Microscopic observation reveals which ova are fertilized and if the early development appears normal and healthy

46. Steps of an IVF Procedure
Usually two or three healthy embryos are introduced into the woman’s uterus for implantation
The procedure is VERY expensive and using only one embryo could mean a high risk of failure and having to repeat the procedure
More than one embryo increases the likelihood that at least one will implant successfully
Any healthy embryos from culturing that are not implanted can be frozen and used later if another implantation procedure is needed

47. IVF Costs
The average cost of an IVF cycle in the U.S. is $12,400, according to the American Society of Reproductive Medicine. This price will vary depending on where you live, the amount of medications you're required to take, the number of IVF cycles you undergo, and the amount your insurance company will pay toward the procedure
Medicines may cost and additional $5-6,000
Many times a single round may be closer to $18,000

48. IVF 2m19s- 6m6s

49. Assessment Statements
Discuss the ethical issues associated with IVF

50. Arguments For and Against IVF p.96
As a table, please discuss the arguments for and against IVF
Create a table on the TOP ½ p. 96 and record your thoughts
We will share out as a class at the end of the period
Arguments for IVF
Arguments Against IVF

51. Arguments For and Against IVF
On the bottom half of p. 96:
Please read the articles passed out to your tables
These are from a variety of sources and years
Gain knowledge on the different view points of IVF and different ethical considerations that people have in regards to IVF
Add to your table of arguments
Imagine a panel put together to debate the pros and cons of IVF. Give three pro or con arguments that would likely be given by each of the following panel members:
Health insurance executive-
Man or woman who needs IVF to have a child-
Religious representative-
Administrator from an IVF clinic-
*DEBATE ACTIVITY TO FOLLOW ON MONDAY

52. Arguments for IVF
Enables couples who would otherwise be unable to have children to have a family
Embryos that are visibly not healthy in the early stages of development can be eliminated from consideration for implantation
Genetic screening is possible on embryos before implantation to eliminate the chance of passing on some genetic diseases
IVF technology will advance and lead to further benefits in reproductive biology

53. Arguments Against IVF
Embryos that are produced during culturing, but are not implanted are either frozen or destroyed
There are complex legal issues concerning the use of those frozen embryos when couples split up
Genetic screening of embryos could lead to society choosing desirable characteristics
“Designer babies”
Some reproductive problems of an individual are genetically passed on and IVF bypasses nature’s way of decreasing the genetic frequency of that reproductive problem
Miscarriage etc..
Multiple births and the problems associated with multiple births are more likely with IVF than with natural conception
Low birth weight, early delivery, etc…

54. DEBATE: Arguments For and Against IVF
It doesn’t matter what “side” you are on, you need to be able to argue the pros and cons of IVF
Each person at your table will take on the role of one of the panel members. Engage in a discussion arguing for or against IVF.
Try and keep the conversation going.
Debate should take approx. 15 mins.
At the end, one group will share their debate in front of the class
Imagine a panel put together to debate the pros and cons of IVF. Give three pro or con arguments that would likely be given by each of the following panel members:
Health insurance executive-
Man or woman who needs IVF to have a child-
Religious representative-
Administrator from an IVF clinic-