1. Chapter 16 Whole Chapter Library Study Guide

2. COLD Colonialism Oceanic trade Labor (forced) Discovery

3. #1 The West’s First Outreach Why explore? New Technology What new Tech does Europe have? Where did they get it? Major explorers?

4. I. The West’s First Outreach Need to explore: Fall of the Mongol Empire removed the economic trade network to Asia Motives Spread Christianity Competition Discovery Wealth New Technology 15 th century Europeans developed deep draft, round hulled sailing ships that navigated Atlantic caravels Compass Mapmaking Explosives- Created advanced gunnery

5. Portugal Leads the Pack Henry the Navigator Wanted cheap route to India sponsored expeditions down coast of Africa Set up coastal ports along west side of Africa Found Slaves, spices, legends of gold 1488 Rounded Cape of Good Hope Vasco De Gama reached India in 1498 Set in motion annual expeditions to India

6. C. Spain Tries 1492 Columbus tries Westward route Pope decides Latin American belonged to Spain 1519 Magellan sailed around the world Claimed Philippines, Florida & portions of California Begin exploration of Mexico (Aztec), Peru/Chile (Inca)

7. Northern European Expeditions Britain began looking for Northwest passage to India in 1497 made settlements in N.America Fish!!! colonized east coast of N. American in 17 th Century  Spain & Portugal were busy  Britain defeated Spanish Armada in 1588-Became Navy Boss. France- Canada Netherlands- Australia but no real result

8. Problem Pretend you are a business owner in England in 1572 You want to cash in on the new oceanic trade, but cannot afford to requisition (pay for) the expensive journey (ships, crews, etc.) What could you do?

9. Shopping List Rules: Each group begin with 1000 each Make the largest profit, No rules, prices not negotiable Ships Small (2 loads)- 500 Medium(4 loads)- 800 Large (8 loads)- 1000 Crew/food Small-200 Med-400 Lg-600 Trade Supplies Cotton- 100 per load Sugar- 200 per load Silver- 300 per load Exchange Rate Cotton sells for 150 per load Sugar sells for 400 per load Silver sells for 700 per load

10. #3 Trading Companies=$$$ Dutch East India Co and British East India Company Gov gave them monopolies on trade w/ new world Not supervised by gov. Had armies Had their own money? Companies acted like mini –gov in occupied territories

12. Columbian Exchange What does this term mean? Predict implications of this exchange. Imported disease killed more than 50% of Natives Uniform husbandry with importation of horse, cattle to New World New World crops spread to Old World Corn & S. Potatoes in China, Mediterranean & Africa Potato in Europe Cacao and tobbacco Spurred tremendous population growth

14. ***MERCANTILISM Spain & Portugal- Silver!!! But squandered with poor banking. France, Britain, Holland (dominant core nations) --EXPORTS!! expanded home manufacturing to export to colonial holdings in exchange for sugar, silver Doctrine of Mercantilism- EXPORT more than you IMPORT!!! Make money. Hoard!!! tariffs discourage manufacturing in colonies Think about it: Europeans export manufactured goods (businesses make $) and import silver, tobacco, luxury goods, slaves Colonial areas (Africa, India, Islanders) export raw materials and cash crops. Import and BUY European products. Who has the better deal?

15. How the World was Affected #1 AMERICAS European weapons provided special advantages at conquering Native populations Spain: Cortez conquered Aztecs, Pizarro conquered Inca Conquistadors Spread Catholic religion- forced baptisms Get $$$$ Cheap labor

16. West’s Commercial Outreach West begins to dominate oceanic trade Battle of Lepanto- Spanish navy beat Ottoman Turks- showed naval dominance Built secure trade ports in W. Africa, India, SE Asia, even China and Japan!!! International trade had become important worldwide. Europe had the edge!

17. #2 AFRICA Settlements in Africa were small coastal fortresses used as stations en route to India Slave trade hits W. Africa #3 PHILIPPINES Spain –Philippines- spread Catholicism #4 INDIA Britain & France –India for $$$ recruited Indian alliances 7 Years’ War British victory in India

18. #5 ASIA China benefited, only participated at their own terms Japan initially attracted to West (guns)- later complete isolation from 17 th -19 th centuries

19. America France est. colonies in Canada British colonies inhabited by Pilgrims and Puritans Southern colonies rely on slave labor plantations NE Colonies closest replica of Europe Unlike Spanish and Mesoamerican natives- little blending

20. Impact on W. Europe Created Colonial Rivalries between Key European nations; 7 Years’ war a result of rivalries Spread of sugar to all classes of people; first hint at excessive European commercial behavior World trade added wealth & capital to European economy, invested in manufacturing, less reliance on agricultural economic methods Fueled growing national monarchies with military ambitions