1. Status of the experiments on the synthesis of Element 117
Yuri Oganessian
FLNR (JINR)
for collaboration
107th Session of the JINR SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
18–19 February 2010, Dubna

2. Collaboration FLNR, JINR (Dubna) ORNL (Oak-Ridge, USA)
Yu. Oganessian 2010
FLNR, JINR (Dubna)
ORNL (Oak-Ridge, USA)
LLNL (Livermore, USA)
IAR (Dimitrovgrad, Russia)
Vanderbilt University (Nashville, USA)

3. at the Colloquium, ORNL, 02/10/05
249Bk +48Ca α1 α2 α3 α4 α5 α6 α7
3-4n
RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
3-4n
PHYSICAL REVIEW C 69, (R) (2004)
Experiments on the synthesis
of element 115 in the reaction
243Am(48Ca, xn)291−x 115
243Am + 48Ca
Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al.,
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Yu.O. “SHE”,
at the Colloquium, ORNL, 02/10/05

4. October 2-3, 2008, Nashville, USA Symposium
“Prof. Joseph Hamilton: 50-year
career at Vanderbilt University”.
October 2-3, 2008,
Nashville, USA
Yu. Oganessian 2010

5. Scientific Collaboration and Material Transfer Agreement № 500-09-01
between the UT-Battelle, LLC, the Management and Operating Contractor
for Oak-Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
and
the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Russia
Yu. Oganessian 2010
The material produced by ORNL will be used for carrying out a joint
experiment on the synthesis of new super-heavy chemical element
Z=117 of the Periodic System of Elements for studying the features of
this element and its radioactive decay products and for studying the
formation of super-heavy nuclei in heavy-ion reactions.
UT-BATTELLE, LLC JINR
Name: K.P. Rykaczewski Name: Yu.Ts. Oganessian
Spectroscopy task leader Scientific leader of FLNR
Deputy Director J.R. Roberto Director A.N. Sissakian
March 02, March 12, 2009

6. Yu. Oganessian 2010
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

7. 249Bk (320d) Cross sections (pb) 3n 4n Compound nucleus mass number
Z.H. Liu and Jing-Dong Bao. Phys. Rev., C80, (2009)
249Bk (320d)
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Cross sections (pb) 3n 4n
Compound nucleus mass number
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

8. Dubna Gas-filled Recoil Separator
Reaction:
249Bk Ca → * → n
high intensity of 48Ca
beam (~1.5 pμA)
beam dose ≥3·1019
U- 400 FLNR, JINR
Yu. Oganessian 2010
T1/2=320d
Separation, Detection & Identification
1 SH-atom / 1012 reaction products
DGFRS
Dubna Gas-filled Recoil Separator
high neutron flux
HIFR, ORNL
chemical separation
from 252Cf (factor >108)
target preparation 36cm2
0.25 μm BkO μmTi
IAR, Dimitrovgrad
3·108
4.5·1019
1event|Z=117→ 0.14pb

9. at ORNL (USA) by irradiation: of Cm and Am targets for
The Bk-249 was produced
at ORNL (USA) by irradiation:
of Cm and Am targets for
approximately 250 days
by thermal-neutron flux of
2.5  1015 neutrons/cm²·s
in the HFIR
(High Flux Isotope Reactor). 
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Irradiation ends
December 2008
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

10. 50 Ci 50 Ci The purified product contained 22.2 mg of Bk-249,
Yu. Oganessian 2010
50 Ci
50 Ci
The purified product contained 22.2 mg of Bk-249,
approximately 1.7 ng of Cf-252, and no other detectable impurities.
Chemical isolation of the Bk-fraction
May 2009
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

11. Target 310 μg/cm2 BkO2 on 1.5 μm-Ti foil ω = 1700 rpm 6 cm2 600 120 mm
Yu. Oganessian 2010
120 mm
target-making
June 2009

12. Experimental technique
Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Transmission for:
EVR 35-40%
target-like
projectile-like
Registration efficiency:
for α-particles 87%
for SF
single fragment 100%
two fragments ≈ 40%
beam
48Ca
target
249Bk
Experiment was started
July 27

13. from July 27 to October 23, 2009 Beam dose: 2.4·1019
Yu. Oganessian 2010
First run:
from July 27 to October 23, Beam dose: 2.4·1019

14. a a low-background detection scheme 249Bk target focal plane
detector array
separator
Yu. Oganessian 2010
9.79 MeV
22.09 mm
0.24 s
189.4 MeV
22.01 mm
31.66 s
10.25 MeV
22.20 mm
0.51s
10.91 MeV
22.16 mm
53.01 ms
9.96 MeV
22.04 mm
48Ca 4m
117
293 a 1
10.7–11.4 MeV
Δy=y1-y0 ≤ 2.2 mm
≤ 132 ms
7–15 MeV y0
the beam was switched off SF a 2 3
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

15. α1 SF α3 α2 Spectra of the α-like signals 80 h 1680 h 7·10-5/s
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Spectra of the α-like signals
beam-off
beam-on
252,254Cf
80 h
1680 h
7·10-5/s
Spectra of fission-like signals
1.5·10-7/s
111 SF
113
115
117 α1 α2 α3
beam-on
1680 h
80 h
10-3/s
211Po
214Po
213Po
212Po
(α+e-)
(α+e-)
212Po
beam-off
2·10-6/s
per strip / position

16. Cross sections 249Bk + 48Ca 4n 3n ACN=297 Cross sections (pb) Calc.
Yu. Oganessian 2010
249Bk + 48Ca
293
Calc.
Cross sections (pb) 4n
Y. Abe et al.,
Int. J. Mod. Phys. 17 (2008) 2214
294
V.I. Zagrebaev & W Greiner
Phys. Rev. C78, (2008) 3n
Z.H. Liu & Jing-Dong Bao
Phys. Rev. C80, (2009)
Excitation energy of the * (MeV)
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

17. Ex=39 MeV
(48Ca,4n)
Ex=35 MeV
(48Ca,3n)

18. 3n 4n

19. 249Bk +48Ca Decay Decay chains chains 48 nuclides T1/2= 320d
Collaboration:
FLNR (Dubna) – ORNL (Oak-Ridge) –
LLNL (Livermore) – IAR (Dmitrovgrad)
Vanderbilt University (Nashville)
48 nuclides
Yu. Oganessian 2010 19

20. Spontaneous fission half-lives
Actinides
Trans-actinides
Superheavy nuclei 20

21. α-decay “critical” zones Spontaneous fission Z=117 Z=112
P. Moller et al., Phys. Rev., C79, (2009)
α-decay
Spontaneous
fission
Yu. Oganessian 2010 ▼ ▼
Z=117 ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
“critical” zones ▼
Z=112

22. PRELIMINARY Theory & Experiment blue – cold fusion black – Act. + 48Ca
red – 249Bk. + 48Ca
117 5%
Yu. Oganessian 2010
PRELIMINARY
deformed
spherical

23. PRELIMINARY Alpha decay energy Half-lives blue – cold fusion
black – Act.+48Ca
red – 249Bk+48Ca
PRELIMINARY
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Alpha decay energy
Half-lives
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

24. Cross sections 208Pb+48Ca 226Ra+48Ca 249Bk+48Ca Ex≈ 40 MeV
Yu. Oganessian 2010
226Ra+48Ca
249Bk+48Ca

25. Experiment is still going on…

26. Subsequent research
Chemistry of Element 113

27. 249Bk(320d) + 48Ca 243Am(7370y) + 48Ca Periodic Table of Elements
Yu. Oganessian 2010
more and more inert?
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna 27

28. 249Bk + 48Ca Isotopes of Element 113 243Am + 48Ca 209Bi + 70Zn
237Np + 48Ca
249Bk + 48Ca
T1/2
JINR (Dubna) -
- LLNL (Livermore) -
- ORNL (Oak-Ridge) collaboration
0.07s
0.5s
5.5s
σ =4.2pb
σ =1.3pb
Isotopes of Element 113
209Bi + 70Zn
RIKEN (Tokyo)
0.24 ms
σ =0.03pb
Yu. Oganessian 2010
Yu. Oganessian. “Status of the experiment on the synthesis Z=117”. JINR SC, Feb.18-19, 2010, Dubna

29. Adsorption enthalpy of elements 112 through 115 (in kJ/mol)Hg Tl Pb Bi
Teflon
13.2
19.7
13.7
15.2;
12.5
ice
26.27 -
26.3
quartz
422a
26b
1162d
1145d
202e
gold
982 c
2405d
235f
(305)
estimate
Red – experiment:
a) Soverna, PSI Report 2004, p. 8;
b) A. Yakushev, et al.
c) S. Soverna et al. Radiochim.
Acta, 93, 1-5 (2005).
d) S. König, et al. PSI
Annual Report 2007?
e) F. Haennsler, et al PSI
Annual Report 2004, p. 9.
f)  21 (Haenssler);
-222  8 (Fan);
242 on the picture;
F. Haenssler et al., PSI AR, 2005, p. 3.
g) R. Eichler et al. Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 1-6 (2008).
h) R. Eichler and M. Schädel,
J. Phys. Chem. B 106, (2002).
k) R. Eichler, private commun.
Black- calculations.
Blue – estimates from the
calculations for the dimer
with respect to the exp. for the homolog.
Green ? – with respect to the exp.
for Rn based on the calculations
Yu. Oganessian 2010
112
113
114
115
Teflon
13.3
14.0
10.4
14.1;
12.2
ice
26.4 -
20.20
quartz
43.4 ?
(21.0
ideal)
gold 62
52+4-3g
158.6
 99.4
(223.6) estim

30. 249Bk(48Ca,4n)293117→α→293115 →α→289113[5.5s] →α→ 283Rg[26s]
Reaction:
249Bk(48Ca,4n)293117→α→ →α→289113[5.5s] →α→ 283Rg[26s]
Yu. Oganessian 2010 Au
SiO2

31. Thanks for your attention