1. Making Metals
Name ______________________

2. Horizontal rows are called PERIODS
Periodic table
Mendeleev
The periodic table arranges all the elements in groups according to their properties.
Vertical columns are called GROUPS
Horizontal rows are called PERIODS

3. What does the periodic table tell you?Au
Gold 79
The SYMBOL of the element
The NAME of the element
The atomic NUMBER of the element

4. Group 1 – The alkali metalsNa K Rb Cs Fr

5. Group 1 – The alkali metals
Some facts…
1) These metals all have to be stored under ____ because they react with _______
2) Reactivity increases as you go _______ the group. This is because the electrons are further away from the _______ every time a _____ is added, so they are given up more easily.
3) They all react with water to form an alkali (hence their name) and __________, e.g:
Potassium + water potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
Words – down, oil, shell, hydrogen, nucleus, water

6. Words – hard, coloured, mercury, less
The Transition Metals
Some facts…
1) This section includes metals like gold, mercury, iron, copper
2) They are all ______ and solid (except _________)
3) They are ____ reactive than the alkali metals
4) They can form __________ compounds
Words – hard, coloured, mercury, less

7. Some common symbols… Lithium ___ Sodium ___ Potassium ___ Calcium ___
Magnesium ___
Iron ___
Oxygen ___
Nitrogen ___
Sulphur ___
Copper ___
Zinc ___
Aluminium ___
Gold ___
Mercury ___
Fluorine ___
Chlorine ___
Hydrogen ___
Helium ___

8. Increasing reactivity
The Reactivity Series
We can react metals with oxygen, water or acid to get an idea of how reactive they are.
Increasing reactivity
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
The Reactivity Series lists metals in order of reactivity:

9. Making Metals
Some metals are uncombined. This means we find them pure in the ground, not joined to other elements. Examples of uncombined metals are silver and gold.
Most metals are not like this. We find them combined with other elements. A metal ore is a compound that we can dig out of the ground.
Most ores are compounds with a metal joined to oxygen. These compounds are called metal oxides (eg iron oxide).
To make a metal from a metal oxide we need to separate the metal atoms from the oxygen atoms. The more reactive the metal the tighter it is joined to the oxygen so the harder it is to make!

10. The chemistry of making metals.
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Carbon
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum
Increasing reactivity
The most reactive metals are extracted using electricity
These metal ores need to be heated with carbon to make the metal. A special furnace called a blast furnace is used to make large amounts of iron.
Some silver can be made from silver oxide by just heating the ore - no carbon is needed.
These LOW REACTIVITY metals are SO unreactive you’ll find them on their own, not in a metal oxide

11. Extracting metals
An example of a metal that is uncombined is ________.
A compound that we dig out of the ground to make a metal is called an_________.
The more reactive the metal the __________ it is joined to the oxygen in the ore.
Type of metal
Extraction process
Examples
High reactivity
Middle reactivity
Low reactivity

12. Making iron: the Blast Furnace
1) HAEMATITE (iron ore), limestone and coke (carbon) are fed in here
2) Hot air is blasted in here
3) The carbon reacts with oxygen from the air to form carbon dioxide.
4) The carbon dioxide reacts with more carbon to form carbon monoxide
5) Carbon monoxide reduces iron oxide to iron. The molten iron is tapped off here
6) Molten slag (waste) is tapped off here
Iron oxide + carbon monoxide iron + carbon dioxide

13. Making Aluminium
Aluminium has to be extracted from its ore (called bauxite) using electricity. This is because aluminium is reactive so it is joined tighty to the oxygen atoms in the ore.

14. Making iron
Iron is needed in very large amounts so it is made in a specially designed furnace called a _________ furnace.
A chemical called _________ is added to the furnace and this chemical burns to make carbon __________ gas.
The carbon monoxide gas pulls the oxygen away from the iron oxide to make iron and carbon _________ gas.
The iron is a liquid when it is made because the temperature inside the furnace is so hot it has ________.
Words: monoxide, carbon, melted, blast, dioxide