1. Invertebrate Animals by Phylum
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda

2. What’s a PHYLUM?
Phylum: a taxonomic grouping of similar classes of organisms
Translation: a “phylum” is a GROUP of organisms who have a lot in common
Phyla are big, huge CLADES, just below KINGDOMS in size and just above CLASSES in size

3. What’s an INVERTEBRATE?
Definition: an animal without a
backbone.
None of the animals so far have had backbones, but we’re not done yet!

4. On to the Phyla! Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Nematoda Mollusca
Annelida
Arthropoda
 Already covered in detail.
Today’s Focus. But what do you already know?

5. The first animals: SPONGES!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!

6. The first animals: SPONGES! Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!
Asymmetrical body plan

7. The first animals: SPONGES! Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”

8. The first animals: SPONGES! Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Filter-feed to eat

9. The first animals: SPONGES! Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Filter-feed to eat
Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water

10. The first animals: SPONGES! Asymmetrical body plan
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
The first animals: SPONGES!
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Filter-feed to eat
Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water
Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”

11. Asymmetrical body plan Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Filter-feed to eat
Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water
Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”
No internal organs; acoelomate

12. Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Porifera
Asymmetrical body plan
Sessile adults, mobile “babies”
Filter-feed to eat
Reproduce Sexually: pump sperm into water
Reproduce Asexually: by “budding”
No digestive tract
No internal organs; acoelomate
Key adaptations:
Have all general “animal” traits
Special:
held together by collagen, spicules for defense, complete regeneration!!!!1!

13. The First MOVERS: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria!
The First MOVERS: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!

14. 2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA

15. Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Usually sessile polyps, mobile medusas

16. Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas
Nutrition: actively capture prey

17. Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas
Actively capture prey
Adults reproduce sexually
and are dioecious
Moon jelly polyps reproduce
asexually by budding

18. Reproduction: Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
Sea Anemones & Jellyfish!
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas
Actively capture prey
Reproduction:
mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)
Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)

19. Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas Actively capture prey Reproduction:
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda Phylum Cnidaria
2 radially symmetrical body plans: POLYP and MEDUSA
Sessile polyps, Mobile medusas
Actively capture prey
Reproduction:
mostly sexual (dioecious: 2 separate sexes)
Moon Jelly polyps reproduce asexually (by budding)
Key adaptations:
Movement (nerve net, 2 sets of muscles)
Incomplete Digestive Tract (mouth, stomach, no anus)
Behavior (capture prey, fight, mate)
Special:
Liquid Skeleton, nematocysts, tentacles

20. Habitat: inside other animals
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes!
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Habitat: inside other animals

21. Habitat: salt and freshwater
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Habitat: inside other animals
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)

22. Habitat: salt and freshwater
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: ripple to swim
Habitat: inside other animals
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: sessile inside host

23. Habitat: salt and freshwater
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: ripple to swim
Nutrition: hunts for food,
Habitat: inside other animals
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: sessile inside host
Nutrition: steals host’s food;

24. Habitat: salt and freshwater
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: ripple to swim
Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-like “pharynx” for mouth
Reproduction: sexual hermaphroditism, asexual regeneration
Habitat: inside other animals
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalization (has a head)
Locomotion: sessile inside host
Nutrition: steals host’s food; head is “scolex” with suckers
Reproduction: sexual (complex parasitic life cycle)

25. Reproduction: sexual (complex parasitic life cycle)
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Platyhelminthes
Planarian Flatworms
Parasitic Flatworms
Habitat: salt and freshwater
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalized
Locomotion: ripple to swim
Nutrition: hunts for food, tube-like “pharynx” for mouth
sexual hermaphrodites, asexual regeneration
Key adaptations:
bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia
Habitat: inside other animals
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cephalized
Locomotion: sessile inside host
Nutrition: steals host’s food; head is a “scolex” with suckers
Reproduction: sexual (complex parasitic life cycle)
Key adaptations:
bilateral symmetry, arrow-shaped head, sense organs, ganglia

26. Common name: ROUNDWORMS
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Nematoda!
Common name: ROUNDWORMS
Body plan: bilateral symmetry, cylindrical body with tapered ends

27. Locomotion: twitching, flicking motion
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Nematoda
Locomotion: twitching, flicking motion

28. Nutrition: carnivores, herbivores, and decomposers
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Nematoda
Nutrition: carnivores, herbivores, and decomposers
Free-living roundworms
Parasitic roundworms
Eat off of host
Eat micro-organisms in soil

29. Reproduction: Sexual; separate males and females; females bigger
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda Phylum Nematoda
Reproduction:
Sexual; separate males and females; females bigger

30. Coelom? Has some organs, just no COELOM to hold them! Psuedocoelomate.
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda Phylum Nematoda
Coelom?
Has some organs, just no COELOM to hold them!
Psuedocoelomate.

31. New adaptations Complete digestive tract (an anus!) Semi-terrestrial
PoriferaCnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaMolluscaAnnelidaArthropoda Phylum Nematoda
New adaptations
Complete digestive tract (an anus!)
Semi-terrestrial

32. 3 Classes of Mollusks: Bivalves Gastropods Cephalopods “two shelled”
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca!
3 Classes of Mollusks:
Bivalves
“two shelled”
Clams & oysters
Gastropods
“stomache foot”
Snails & slugs
Cephalopods
“head foot”
Octopi, squids, and cuttlefish

33. Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry, soft body with a hard shell (usually)
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca
Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry, soft body with a hard shell (usually)

34. Nutrition: Active hunters and grazers Scrape up food w/ radula
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca
Nutrition:
Active hunters
and grazers
Scrape up
food w/ radula

35. Reproduction: Sexual Non-hermaphroditic (dioecious)
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca
Reproduction:
Sexual
Non-hermaphroditic (dioecious)
Both internal and external fertilization

36. Key adaptations: Special: COELOMATE! Advanced eyes
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Mollusca
Key adaptations:
COELOMATE!
Advanced eyes
Open circulatory system
Special:
High intelligence, hard shell, beak, jet propulsion

37. Representative species: earthworms, leeches, polychaetes
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Annelida!
Representative species: earthworms, leeches, polychaetes
AKA “Segmented Worms”

38. Body Plan: New Adaptations: Bilaterally symmetrical
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Annelida
Body Plan:
Bilaterally symmetrical
Long, thin, segmented body
New Adaptations:
Segmentation
Closed circulatory system

39. Nutrition: Some filter-feed Some graze on plants Some parasites
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Annelida
Nutrition:
Some filter-feed
Some graze on plants
Some parasites
Some are vicious predators

40. Reproduction: All kinds! Mostly sexual Some asexual
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Annelida
Reproduction:
All kinds!
Mostly sexual
Some hermaphroditic
Some dioecious
Some asexual
Cut in half, have two worms
Mostly internal fertilization, some external

41. New adaptations: Locomotion: Closed circulatory system Segmentation
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Annelida
New adaptations:
Closed circulatory system
More efficient delivery of blood/oxygen
Segmentation
allows better movement and sequential parts
Locomotion:
Peristaltic movement
Parapodia
Setae for traction

42. Probably more than ten million species. Whoa.
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Finally: Phylum Arthropoda
The conquerors!
Representatives:
insects
arachnids
crustaceans
Probably more than ten million species.
Whoa.

43. Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry Segmented Exoskeleton Jointed appendages
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda
Body Plan:
Bilateral symmetry
Segmented
Exoskeleton
Jointed appendages
Many internal organs
There MUST be a coelom to hold it all in place!

44. Nutrition: Very diverse!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda
Nutrition: Very diverse!
Herbivores AND carnivores. . .
Grazers, hunters, trappers, parasites. . .
Locomotion: Very diverse!
Some fly, some swim, some walk or dig
They’re everywhere, eating everything!

45. Reproduction: Very diverse!
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda
Reproduction: Very diverse!
Mostly dioecious
Mostly internal fertilization
Mostly have complex metamorphic life cycles.
(lay eggs, larvae hatch, larvae grow and metamorphose into adults)

46. New adaptations: Jointed appendages Exoskeleton Respiratory system
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phylum Arthropoda
New adaptations:
Jointed appendages
used for SO MANY THINGS
Exoskeleton
Protection, anchor muscles, keeps water in body
Respiratory system
For being totally terrestrial!
Terrestrial

47. Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phyla: where we’ve been.
Porifera - Sponges Cnidaria - Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, Hydras Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nematoda - Roundworms Mollusca - Bivalves, Gastropods, Cephalopods Annelida - Segmented Worms Arthropoda - Insects, Arachnids, Crustaceans

48. Echinodermata Chordata ? ? Any guesses about these guys?
Porifera  Cnidaria  Platyhelminthes  Nematoda  Mollusca  Annelida  Arthropoda Phyla: where we’re going.
Echinodermata Chordata ? ? Any guesses about these guys?

49. Here they aaare:
Echinodermata Chordata