1. RESTORATION AND 18 TH CENTURY ENGLISH THEATRE

2. King Charles IIKing Charles II –Restored to throne 1660 –Fashioned theatre after that in France Elizabethan playhouses had been torn down by Puritans so new ones were neededElizabethan playhouses had been torn down by Puritans so new ones were needed

3. New indoor theatres were builtNew indoor theatres were built Women were allowed to performWomen were allowed to perform AudienceAudience –sophisticated aristocracy Play = comedies / satiresPlay = comedies / satires John Dryden –All for Love William Congreve –The Way of the World Restoration ended in 1737

4. SATIRE Satire is a play in which sarcasm, irony, and ridicule are used to expose or attack folly or pretension is society Stories represented real people and real events Strengths and weaknesses in characters are exposed and all characters are held up to moral standards either civically or divinely

5. Parliament limited public playhouses to 3Parliament limited public playhouses to 3 The term “Legitimate Theatre” was bornThe term “Legitimate Theatre” was born –Then, it meant plays were censored.

6. Oliver Goldsmith (1728-1774) Considered best comedy writer since Shakespeare

7. Romanticism

8. Romanticism Relied on emotions and feelingsRelied on emotions and feelings Melodrama- most popular type of Romanticism where the hero always succeededMelodrama- most popular type of Romanticism where the hero always succeeded Playwrights made clear distinctions between good and evilPlaywrights made clear distinctions between good and evil Forces of good always wonForces of good always won

9. MELODRAMA Comes from "music drama"Comes from "music drama" – music was used to increase emotions or to signify characters (signature music). A simplified moral universe; good and evil are embodied in stock characters.A simplified moral universe; good and evil are embodied in stock characters. Episodic formEpisodic form – the villain poses a threat, the hero or heroine escapes, etc.—with a happy ending. Usually 2-5 actsUsually 2-5 acts –(five acts reserved for "serious" drama). Many special effectsMany special effects – fires, explosions, drownings, earthquakes.

10. Realism 1820-1920

11. Began as reaction against RomanticismBegan as reaction against Romanticism Mid century dramatic style = RealismMid century dramatic style = Realism –Seeks the truth / depicts a selected view Presented things as in real life (often dealt with social problems)Presented things as in real life (often dealt with social problems) Major author: Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906)Major author: Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) –“Father of Realism” –Revolutionary themes GhostsGhosts A Doll’s HouseA Doll’s House –Realistically showed the day’s problems

12. Henrik Ibsen Drama depicting real people, real events Ibsen's early plays are wild and epic, concentrating on romantic visions of the rebel figure in search of an ultimate truth which is always just out of reach "modern" phase suppresses his Romanticism and focuses instead on the problems of modern society These plays are characterized by their "realism," which he hoped would help audiences to more easily digest his radical views

13. England’s George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) Pygmalion –Wanted to reform the world through his work

14. Oscar Wilde (1856-1900) –The Importance of Being Earnest Comedy of MannersComedy of Manners

15. 20 th century playwrights include Arthur Miller ( The Crucible and Death of a Salesman)20 th century playwrights include Arthur Miller ( The Crucible and Death of a Salesman) Tennessee Williams (The Glass Menagerie)Tennessee Williams (The Glass Menagerie) Lillian Hellman – most influential female playwrightLillian Hellman – most influential female playwright

16. MUSICAL THEATRE A play in which the story is told through a combination of spoken dialogue and musical numbersA play in which the story is told through a combination of spoken dialogue and musical numbers Andrew Lloyd Webber – composer of a variety of musicalsAndrew Lloyd Webber – composer of a variety of musicals –Cats –Jesus Christ Superstar –Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat –Phantom of the Opera –Evita