1. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice The following is a set up “Flip Card” to help learn the definitions of the ecosystem unit

2. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Ecosystem

3. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice All living organisms that share a region and interact with each other AND non-living components of their environment…that is, their physical and chemical environment

4. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Biotic Factor

5. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Living things, their remains and features such as nest that are associated with the living thing’s activities. It includes insects, mammals, micro-organisms, plants, plant and animal remains, etc.

6. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Abiotic Factor

7. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice The non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem. Examples include temperature, wind, rainfall, air, water and minerals

8. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Autotroph

9. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice An organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances using light or chemical energy. Green plants, algae and some bacteria are autotrophs.

10. Grade 9 Academic Science – Unit Ecosystems Heterotroph

11. Grade 9 Academic Science – Unit Ecosystems An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition. Consumers are heterotrophs

12. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Sustainability

13. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Ability to maintain a natural ecological balance without weakening, interruption or loss of value

14. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Commensalism

15. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A symbiotic relationship between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other organism while the second organism in unaffected. An example a flatworm and a horsecrab. The flatworm attaches to the horsecrab and eats the scraps from the crab’s food; yet, the crab is unaffected

16. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Photosynthesis

17. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Process in which the Sun’s energy is converted to chemical energy (i.e., sugar) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Sun energy = 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6

18. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Producer

19. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Organism that makes its own energy-rich food compounds using the Sun’s energy (i.e., light) On land, most producers are green plants, and their colour comes from chlorophyll which captures light energy

20. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Consumer

21. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Organism that obtains its energy from consuming other organisms. Consumers CANNOT photosynthsize

22. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Food Chain

23. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Sequence of organisms, each feeding on the next, shown how energy is transferred from one organism to the next. NOTE: Food Chains do NOT exist in nature. Rather, they are part of a complex set of relationships

24. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Food Web

25. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A representation or illustration of the feeding relationships within a community. A Food Web is a group of interwoven Food Chai ns

26. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Carrying Capacity

27. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice The maximum population size of a particular species (i.e., number of individual organisms) that a given ecosystem can sustain indefinitely NOTE: Carrying Capacity is not fixed. It can be altered by human intervention (e.g., draining part of a swamp) or by naturally by “species invasions”

28. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Biodiversity

29. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Variety of life in a particular area. It is measured by counting the number of species in a specific habitat or ecosystem

30. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Tolerance Range

31. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Abiotic conditions within which a species can survive

32. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Limiting Factor

33. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Any factor that restricts the size of a population Limiting factors can be biotic (e.g., number of prey) or abiotic (e.g., hours of sunlight)

34. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Theory that the Universe began in an incredibly hot, dense expansion from a singularity about 14 BYA

35. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Big Bang Theory

36. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape

37. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Black Hole

38. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Lunar Eclipse

39. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice An eclipse in which the moon appears darkened as it passes into the earth's shadow.

40. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A large, round celestial object that travels around a star and controls its own neighbourhood

41. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Planet

42. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A dark area on the Sun’s surface that is cooler than the area surrounding it

43. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Sun Spot

44. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A massive collection of gases in space that emits large amounts of energy

45. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Star

46. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice When the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth so that it blocks some or all of the Sun’s light

47. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Solar Eclipse

48. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Solar Eclipse

49. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Gases and charged particles that are blasted above an active region of the Sun’s photosphere

50. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A cloud of gas and dust in outer space where stars are born

51. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Nebula

52. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice The distance that light travels in one year

53. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Light Year

54. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice 150,000,000 kilometres The distance from the Sun to Earth

55. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Astronomical Unit

56. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A measurement of how bright an object would be if it were 33 light years from Earth

57. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Absolute Magnitude

58. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice The total amount of energy emitted by a star, galaxy or other astronomical object per unit time.

59. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Luminosity

60. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Most of the stars in the universe (about 90%) that are fusing hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. Our Sun belongs to this grouping of stars

61. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Main Sequence Stars

62. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Subatomic particle found in the nucleus with a positive charge and a mass of 1

63. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Proton

64. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A substance made by combining two or more different materials in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs (i.e., chemicals that are not chemically bonded

65. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Mixture

66. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Maximum number of electrons in Orbit #2 of an atom

67. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Eight

68. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Number of protons is five, number of electrons is five and the number of neutrons is six. Thus, the ATOMIC MASS is….

69. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice 11

70. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Characteristics of electrons

71. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Negative charge Located in shells around nucleus No mass

72. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together

73. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Compound

74. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Number of electrons that Potassium (K) must give away to achieve a stable electron configuration

75. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice One

76. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Elements tend to combine in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell or The name of the outer orbit shell of electrons

77. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Octet

78. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Substances that contain only one kind of molecule. For example, water contains nothing but water molecules.

79. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Pure Substance

80. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice When an element give or takes an electron, it becomes an….

81. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Ion

82. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Chemical name for NaCl

83. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Sodium chloride

84. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Chemical name for MgCl2

85. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Magnesium chloride

86. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Chemical formula for lithium sulfide

87. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Li 2 S

88. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice A substance that is made entirely from one type of atom

89. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Element

90. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Metallic elements found in the Group #2 of the periodic table. They have an oxidation number of +2, making them very reactive. Due to their reactivity, the alkaline metals are not found free (i.e., by themselves) in nature. They are all shiny, silvery-white solid metals.

91. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Alkaline Earth Metals

92. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Five ways you know a chemical reaction has happened

93. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice 1.Colour change 2.Heat or light produced 3.Odour (smell) produced 4.Gas produced 5.Solid precipitate forms from two liquids

94. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Subatomic particle with no charge, mass = 1, and found inside the nucleus

95. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Neutron

96. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Type of bond where one element gives an electron and one element takes an electrons

97. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Ionic Bond

98. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Non-metallic elements Group #17. All have seven electrons in their outer shell of electrons. At room temperature, they exist in three states of matter (e.g., Fluorine is a gas at room temperature while Bromine is a liquid)

99. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Halogen Gas

100. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Number of electrons is 19, number of protons is 19 and the number of neutrons is 20. Thus, the ATOMIC NUMBER is….

101. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice 19

102. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Atomic Mass =

103. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Number of protons + Number of neutrons

104. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Any of the elements in Group #18 including helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon which have a full octet of electrons in their outer shell so that are electronically stable (i.e., do not react). They are also called inert gas.

105. Grade 9 Applied Science – 2015 Exam Practice Noble Gases