1. 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

2. 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
Essential Question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

3. Introduction: Structures of the nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

4. Cellular structures of the nervous system
*Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites – many; carry impulses TO the cell body
Axon – only one; carries impulses AWAY from the cell body to the dendrites
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

5. Cellular structures of the nervous system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Myelin sheath - a special covering of the axon
Synapse – the space between neurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

6. Structures of the nervous system
*Central nervous system
*Brain
*Spinal cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

7. Structures of the nervous system
*Peripheral nervous system
Nerves
*Cranial nerves (12)
*Spinal nerves (31 pairs)
Sensory receptors
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

8. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

9. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
*Cerebrum-largest part of the brain
Divided into two hemispheres (right and left)
*Frontal lobe
*Occipital lobe
*Parietal lobe
*Temporal lobe
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

10. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal body
Pituitary gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

11. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Diencephalon
Thalamus – spherical mass of gray matter; deep in the cerebral hemispheres
Hypothalamus – lies below the thalamus; part of the limbic system
Pineal body – endocrine system gland
Pituitary gland – endocrine system gland
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

12. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Limbic system
Located in the center of the brain
Encircles the top of the brain stem.
Composed of the amygdala, hippocampus, cingulated gyrus, and other intricate structures. (Informational only for reference.)
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

13. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
*Cerebellum-located below the cerebrum; the 2nd largest area of the brain
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

14. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Brain stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

15. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
*Meninges-membrane covering of the brain and spinal cord
*Dura mater
Outermost layer
*Arachnoid
Middle layer
*Pia mater
Innermost layer
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

16. Structures of the central nervous system: BRAIN
Ventricles – 4 fluid filled cavities deep within the brain
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Choroid plexus – rich network of blood vessels that assist with the formation of cerebrospinal fluid
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

17. Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Surrounded by the vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid, the spinal cord extends to the 2nd lumbar vertebrae

18. Structures of the central nervous system: Spinal Cord
Peripheral nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

19. Structures of the central nervous system
Cranial nerves
I. Olfactory-smell
II. Optic-vision
III. Oculomotor-eyelid and eyeball movement
IV. Trochlear-turns eye downward and laterally
V. Trigeminal-face and mouth touch, chewing
VI. Abducens-turns eye laterally
VII. Facial-facial expressions, taste, secretion of tears and saliva
VIII. Vestibulocochlear-hearing, equilibrium, sensation
IX. Glossopharyngeal-taste, senses carotid blood pressure
X. Vagus-senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs, taste
XI. Spinal accessory-controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles, controls swallowing
XII. Hypoglossal-movement of tongue

20. Structures of the central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
31 pairs of spinal nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

21. Structures of the central nervous system
Anterior View
Peripheral nervous system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of nervous
Posterior
view
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

22. Structures of the central nervous system
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

23. Structures of the central nervous system Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Extends from the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column
These nerves connect to all internal organs
Parasympathetic nervous system
The vagus nerve connects the medulla with organs of the upper body
The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord and connects with the organs of the lower body
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

24. Structures of the central nervous system Somatic nervous system
These nerves are located along the spinal cord.
Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

25. Structures of the central nervous system
Check your knowledge…
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

26. Structures of the nervous system
Remember this!
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system

27. 3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system
Essential question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the nervous system