1. CHAPTER 6 OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE AND FREE SOFTWARE
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2. Open Source Software/Free Software
What is open source software? What is free software? What is the difference between the two? How the two differs from shareware? How the two differs from proprietary software?
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3. Open Source Software/Free Software
Everybody who sends or uses the Web, uses OSS/FS, as majority of the hardware and software that allows the Internet to function (Web servers, File transmission protocol (FTP) servers, mail system) are OSS/FS.
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4. Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS – The theory
The major philosophies of OSS/FS are FSF Philosophy OSI (Open source initiative) Philosophy The key commonality between FSF and OSI is that the code is made available to the users by the program. Where FSF and OSI differ is in the restrictions placed on redistributed source code.
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5. Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS should not be confused with freeware or shareware. Freeware is software that offered free of charge but without the freedom to modify the source code and redistribute changes. Shareware is another form of commercial software, which is offered on a “try before you buy” basis.
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6. Free Software Definition
Open Source Software/Free Software
Free Software Definition
Free software is a matter of the user’s freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.
Four kinds of freedom for the users of the software:
The freedom to run the program for any purpose
The freedom to study on how that program works and adapt it to your needs.
The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor.
The freedom to improve the program and release your improvements to the public so that the whole community benefits.
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7. Integrity of The Author's Source Code
Open Source Software/Free Software
Open source doesn't just mean access to the source code. The distribution terms of open-source software must comply with the following criteria :
Free Redistribution
Source Code
Derived Works
Integrity of The Author's Source Code
No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
Distribution of License
License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
License Must Not Restrict Other Software
License Must Be Technology-Neutral
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8. Open Source definition
Open Source Software/Free Software
Open Source definition
Open source is any software that satisfies the open software initiative (OSI) definition.
Open source initiative has created certification mark “OSI certified”. On order to be OSI certified, the software must be distributed under a license that guarantees the right to read, redistribute, modify and use software freely.
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9. Choosing OSS/FS or not Its benefits :
Open Source Software/Free Software
Choosing OSS/FS or not
Its benefits :
OSS/FS has been described as the electronic equivalent of generic drugs.
It can obtained royalty free, it is less expensive to acquire than proprietary alternatives.
Lack of proprietary lock-in, which freeze out innovation.
Security
Reliability/stability
Developing local software capacity.
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10. Issues in OSS/FS Licensing Copyright and intellectual property TCO
Open Source Software/Free Software
Issues in OSS/FS
Licensing
Copyright and intellectual property
TCO
Support and Migration
Business models
Security and stability
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11. TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
Open Source Software/Free Software
TCO – Total Cost of Ownership
It is the sum of all the expenses directly related to the ownership and use of a product over a given period of time.
Reasons why OSS/FS is cheaper:
OSS/FS costs less to initially acquire because there are no license fees.
Upgrade and maintenance costs are typically far less due to improved stability and security.
OSS/FS can often use older hardware more efficiently than proprietary systems, yielding smaller hardware costs and sometimes eliminating the need for new hardware
Increasing numbers of case studies using OSS/FS show it to be especially cheaper in server environments.
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12. Security and Stability
Open Source Software/Free Software
Security and Stability
OSS/FS are well known for its stability and reliability, and many anecdotal stories exist of OSS/FS servers functioning for years without requiring maintenance.
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13. Open Source Software/Free Software
Open Source Licensing
Licensing as defined by Merriam Webster-giving the user of something permission to use it.
Most software comes with some type of licensing commonly known as the End User Licensing Agreement (EULA)
The license may have specific restrictions related to the use, modification, or duplication of the software.
Most licenses also have statements that limit the liability of the software manufacturer toward the user in case of problems that may arise in the use of the software.
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14. Open Source Software/Free Software
Licensing gives a person the right to use software with restrictions in some cases while copyright is described as the exclusively-granted or owned legal right to publish, reproduce, and/or sell a work
One form of copyright is “copyleft” to distinguish it from commercial copyright terms, works by stating that the software is copyrighted and then adding distribution terms.
In general, the person who creates a work owns the copyright to it and has the right to allow others to copy it or deny that right.
A common misconception is that if a piece of software, or any other product, is made freely available and open to inspection and modification, then the intellectual property rights(IPR) of the originators cannot be protected and the material cannot be subject to copyright.
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15. Types of OSS/FS License
Open Source Software/Free Software
Types of OSS/FS License
GNU GPL
GNU LGPL
X11 License
Modified BSD license
W3C Software Notice and License
MySql database license
Apache License, Version 1.0
GNU Free Documentation License
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16. OSS/FS Applications Operating System Web browser E-mail client
Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
Operating System
Web browser
client
Word processing or integrated office suite
Presentation tools
When using a mixture of OSS/FS and proprietary or commercial software, incompatibilities can be uncovered and cause problems whose severity must be assessed.
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17. OSS/FS Applications Operating Systems: GNU/Linux
Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
Operating Systems: GNU/Linux
- named in recognition of the GNU Project’s significant contribution, but often just called Linux
-contains the Linux kernel at its heart and all the OSS/FS components required to produced full OS functionality
- originally the name of the kernel created by Linus Torvalds
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18. Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
kernel – the critical center point of an OS that controls CPU usage, memory management and hardware devices - also mediates communication between the different programs running within the OS
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19. OSS/FS Applications Web browser and Server: Apache and Mozilla
Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
Web browser and Server: Apache and Mozilla
Apache – responsible for receiving and fulfilling requests from web browser
Mozilla – a graphical web browser design for standards compliance and with a large number of browser features
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20. OSS/FS Applications E-mail: Sendmail (E-mail Server)
Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
Sendmail ( Server)
- to deliver user to its destination
Sendmail began development in 1982 at the University of California, Berkeley as a project to enable routing between different servers
- the market leader in Internet based system
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21. Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Applications
Word Processing or Integrated Office Suite: Open Office (Office Productivity Suite)
– an equivalent of Microsoft Office
- includes a full-featured word processor, spreadsheet and presentation software
Advantage:
It reads most Microsoft Office documents without problems and will save documents to many formats, including Microsoft Word (but not vice versa)
Impress – an open office that is similar to PowerPoint
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22. Open Source Software/Free Software
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23. OSS/FS Healthcare Applications
Open Source Software/Free Software
OSS/FS Healthcare Applications
openEHR
FreeMED
OpenEMR
Care2X
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