1. CITES and Slipper Orchids An introduction to slipper orchids covered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

2. What This Presentation Will Cover Introduction to slipper orchids Slipper orchids on CITES Implementing CITES for slipper orchids

3. Orchid Diversity

4. Why Protect Orchids?

5. Introduction to Slipper Orchids

6. What Are Slipper Orchids? CypripediumPaphiopedilumPhragmipedium

7. Slipper Orchids on CITES CypripediumPaphiopedilumPhragmipedium

8. Global Trade in Slipper Orchids Major Exporter Major Importer Major Importer & Exporter Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1998-2002

9. What Needs a Permit?

10. Tissue Cultures

11. Slipper Orchids on CITES

12. Cypripedium

13. Cypripedium Characteristics – Flowers

14. Cypripedium Characteristics – Vegetative

15. Global Distribution of Cypripedium Cypripedium species 30 1 20 10 0

16. Global Trade in Cypripedium Major Exporter Major Importer Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1998-2002 Major Importer & Exporter

17. Cypripedium lichiangense & C. palangshanense

18. Phragmipedium

19. Phragmipedium Characteristics – Flowers

20. Phragmipedium Characteristics – Vegetative

21. Global Distribution of Phragmipedium Phragmipedium species 0 10 0 1 5

22. Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1998-2002 Global Trade in Phragmipedium Major Exporter Major Importer Major Importer & Exporter

23. Phragmipedium kovachii

24. Paphiopedilum

25. Paphiopedilum Characteristics – Flowers

26. Paphiopedilum Characteristics – Vegetative

27. Global Distribution of Paphiopedilum Paphiopedilum species 20 1 10 0

28. Source: UNEP-WCMC CITES trade data 1998-2002 Global Trade in Paphiopedilum Major Exporter Major Importer Major Importer & Exporter

29. China & Viet Nam

30. Slipper Orchids on CITES: Summary CypripediumPaphiopedilumPhragmipedium

31. Implementing CITES for Slipper Orchids

32. Enforcement

33. Enforcement - Checks Check –Documents –Country of origin –Packaging –Shipments –Trade routes

34. Distinguishing Between Wild and Artificially Propagated Plants

35. Wild-Collected Orchids

36. Cypripedium - Wild or Artificially Propagated? Previous several years growth Blackened bud 1 cm Cut roots with die back Rhizome is the same diameter at each end

37. Cypripedium – Potential Illegal Trade

38. Damaged or cut Some new root growth Paphiopedilum & Phragmipedium Wild or Artificially Propagated? General Appearance Roots Leaves Soil Wild Artificially propagated Uniform shape and size Clean and healthy May have shape of pot Lower leaves damaged or cut Insect damage/mining burrows Pitted due to desiccation Presence of lichens Clean and undamaged Not cut back Little or no insect damage Only horticultural compost Habitat soil or substrate attached Irregular shape and size Damaged and marked

39. Paphiopedilum & Phragmipedium Wild or Artificially Propagated? Wild – rootsWild – whole plantWild - leaves AP - leavesAP - rootsAP – whole plant

40. Phragmipedium – Potential Illegal Trade

41. Paphiopedilum – Potential Illegal Trade

42. Implementation: Summary

43. Additional Slides

44. Exemptions

45. The CITES Nursery Registration System

46. The CITES Definition of ‘Artificially Propagated’

47. Promoting Sustainable Trade and Access to Breeding Material