1. Canadian Coast Guard Automated Search Planning B. F. Stone

2. Canadian Coast Guard SAR Statistics  8000 cases  1100 of these would be classified as distress incidents  3000 lives saved  80 lives lost  21,000 persons assisted

3. Canadian Coast Guard Canada’s Search Effort The Canadian Aeronautical and Maritime SAR system averaged a total of 4,300 hours * per year of actual searchingThe Canadian Aeronautical and Maritime SAR system averaged a total of 4,300 hours * per year of actual searching The time spent searching over the last decade totals a staggering amount of over 47,300 hours - the equivalent of almost 5 years of search effort for a single unitThe time spent searching over the last decade totals a staggering amount of over 47,300 hours - the equivalent of almost 5 years of search effort for a single unit *This does not include transit times to and from an incident

4. Canadian Coast Guard Effectiveness 92.7 of all lives at risk were saved92.7 of all lives at risk were saved Only 9 percent of all search and rescue (SAR) cases involved some sort of searchingOnly 9 percent of all search and rescue (SAR) cases involved some sort of searching 75% of all incidents involving the loss of life involved some sort of attempt to locate the distressed persons75% of all incidents involving the loss of life involved some sort of attempt to locate the distressed persons

5. Canadian Coast Guard Type of Incidents Involving Searching

6. Canadian Coast Guard Success Typically if one is searching for something, success is achieved when it is locatedTypically if one is searching for something, success is achieved when it is located –If we were to use this measure of success alone, Canada achieved this 91% of the time In the SAR world, success is only achieved when we find the search targets AND they are rescued, alive and wellIn the SAR world, success is only achieved when we find the search targets AND they are rescued, alive and well –Using this measure of success Canada only achieved a success rate of 79% when we were required to search

7. Canadian Coast Guard Cost Using variable costs (fuel and proportional O&M) of each unit searching we can estimate the expenditure that was required in 2003 to conduct the searches.Using variable costs (fuel and proportional O&M) of each unit searching we can estimate the expenditure that was required in 2003 to conduct the searches.

8. Canadian Coast Guard Drift Model Winds SLDMBCurrents Vessel Position Reports Communications Interface Unit Effort Allocation CANSARP User InterfaceCANSARP Tides

9. Canadian Coast Guard Search Theory LKP Sea Current Wind Driven Current Total Water Current DatumMinimax Total Drift Vector Search Radius LeewayDivergence

10. Canadian Coast Guard

11. Self-Locating Datum Marker Buoy SLDMB GPS ARGOS LUT Rescue Centre CANSARP

12. Canadian Coast Guard

13. 2001 1/3 o Medium-resolution Atlantic 1/3° : one point processed every 35 Km 2002 1/15 o 2o2o Global low-resolution North Atlantic High Resolution 2005 1/4 o 1/15 o High-resolution 1/15° : one point processed every 5 to 7 Km MERSEA & MERCATOR Target system: Global Ocean and High Resolution

14. Canadian Coast Guard Global Environmental Multiscale Atmospheric Model (GEM) Short-range regional forecast modelShort-range regional forecast model –48 hour forecast twice daily (00 UTC and 12 UTC) –Operational since Sept. 15 1998 Regional Variational Assimilation SystemRegional Variational Assimilation System –Operational since Sept. 24 1997 High resolution Model Applications Project:High resolution Model Applications Project: –10 km - 35 Levels - 24 hour forecast –Experimental/operational since Oct. 24 1997

15. Canadian Coast Guard Earth Observation TargetsTargets Ocean currentsOcean currents WindsWinds

16. Canadian Coast Guard Any investment in the technology for the definition of where, and how to search would result in the reduction of time, costs and ultimately increase the saving of lives Less Search, More Rescue