1. Jayme Johnson ◎ AHG 2012 Captioning Web-based Digital Media

2. Presentation Overview  Definitions  Captioning & accessibility basics  Digital video formats  Captioning concerns  Overview of captioning tools  Process overview

3. The Most Important Thing If you can pay someone else to do your captioning... DO IT!!!

4. Definitions Open vs. Closed Captions Subtitles vs. Captions Line 21 & Decoders vs. Digital Roll-up vs. Pop-on SAMI & SMIL Quicktime Text? Streaming media vs. Static Media

5. Captions vs. Subtitles Captions Can be turned on or off Must have decoder in system—will work with Windows Media Player Follow Line 21 standards Text-based White text on dark background Roll-up or pop-on Subtitles Can be turned on or off Must have menu option—will work on any system Just another digital track Text-based or image-based No background (can choose fill and stroke for letters)

6. Captioning in General Use two lines Left-align the two lines If speaker leaves screen, can move captions to that side Can identify speaker on a separate third line 32 characters/line max Sans serif font (Helvetica, Arial, etc.) Prefer upper- and lower-case letters Transcribe dialogue word for word, but do not include “nonsense syllables”

7. Line Division is Critical! Keep modifier with word it modifies Keep prepositional phrases together Keep a person’s name and title together Break lines before conjunctions (FAN BOYS) Keep auxiliary verb ( can, have, will ) with the word it modifies Break captions at the end of a sentence

8. Presentation Rate Allow a minimum of 1.5 seconds duration for each 32 characters of text. Allow a minimum of two seconds duration to display the last 32 characters of text before blanking or moving captions. Do not display any caption for less than one second. The maximum presentation rate should be three seconds duration for each 32 characters of text. From http://www.cfv.org/caai/nadh20.pdf

9. Italics Use for voice-over reading Off-screen dialogue, unless entire video is narrated Dreaming, thinking, etc. Background audio: PA system, etc. Foreign words Emphasis

10. Sound Effects Include important sounds Use description (in brackets) and onomatopoeia Italicize if off-screen Lowercase Sustained sounds use present participle (-ing) Be as precise as possible

11. Music Use descriptions that indicate mood Caption lyrics verbatim Include name of vocalist/group and song title in brackets Put musical notes around lyrics (leave space) When no lyrics or cannot use, describe

12. Legal Issues Unless your campus owns the copyright, must get permission To caption To change format (VHS to DVD; DVD to Web) Copyright vs. Accommodation

13. Section 504 vs. 508 Section 504 Deals with accommodation Providing access for individual students Requires captioning on request Section 508 Deals with access Providing access for all students Requires captioning before video is first shown in classroom

14. DSPS Role DSPS may focus on accommodations or assist with general access New materials fall under Section 508 - Institutional Requirement Purchase captioned materials Caption before first use Purchasing department responsible for cost of captions

15. Why Captions Work Captions vs. Transcripts Captions vs. Transcripts Dialogue vs. Descriptions Dialogue vs. Descriptions Mayer’s Multimedia Theory Mayer’s Multimedia Theory Paivio’s Dual-Coding Theory Paivio’s Dual-Coding Theory

16. Enhancing Accessibility Overview:  General considerations  Design to media or player?  Video formats  Captioning considerations

17. Getting Started  Audio & Video authoring tools Camtasia Screen CastoMatic  Legal Considerations  Copyright, Sect 508, ADA, Institutional Policies  Logistical Support  Financial Support

18. General Considerations  Video File Size  Format-dependent  Total pixel dimensions (320x240, 640x480)  Scalable delivery options  Open vs. Closed Captions  Playback Context  Time-coded transcript enables video searching.

19. Captioning Format Issues  Line 21 vs. Digital  Size of screen real estate  Font size & font face  Background size  Graphic overlays and positioning  Color schemes

20. Captioning Considerations  Caption display issue  Available?  Turn off and on?  Tools for captioning web based video Free to $$$ Locally installed or Web-based?

21. Video Formats h.264,.MPEG,.MP4 h.264,.MPEG,.MP4.MOV.MOVFlash:.FLV (adobe flash).FLV (adobe flash).SWF (shockwave flash).SWF (shockwave flash)Windows:.AVI.AVI.WMV.WMV

22. Caption File Formats Quicktime Text: Allows for multiple tracks of digital information. Can be made searchable. SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language. A W3C specification for the synchronized display of digital media with captions and other content. SAMI: Synchronized Accessible Media Interchange. For Microsoft Windows Media Player. Line 21: The format used in traditional broadcast television and VHS production.

23. Subtitle Formats.SUB: SubViewer 2.0.SUB: SubViewer 2.0.SRT: SubRipper.SRT: SubRipper.FAB: Graphic based subtitles.FAB: Graphic based subtitles.SSF: Structured Subtitle Format.SSF: Structured Subtitle Format.TTXT: MPEG-4 Timed Text.TTXT: MPEG-4 Timed Text And the list goes on... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle_(captioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtitle_(captioning

24. Line 21 and Quicktime Currently available only for Mac OS Requires Compressor or Quicktime SCC file required Retains formatting of SCC file Other Line 21 transfer options Caption Keeper (Mac Only): http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/captionkeeper/index.html http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/captionkeeper/index.html Sony Media Converter (discontinued)

25. Caption/Subtitle Structures Core structural components Time Code Text Video Time Code * HH - Hours starting at 00 * HH - Hours starting at 00 * MM - Minutes (00-59) * MM - Minutes (00-59) * SS - Seconds (00-59) * SS - Seconds (00-59) * FS - Fractional Seconds (0-999) * FS - Fractional Seconds (0-999) Text (# of lines, line spaces, line #’s)

26. Subtitle Ripper 1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,000 Closed Captioned by Sumdude Productions, March 15, 2009 2 00:00:01,000 --> 00:00:02,000 Intro Music 3 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:03,000 Welcome to today's video presentation of something interesting 4 00:00:03,000 --> 00:00:04,000 happening somewhere in the world today. 5 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:05,000 Today's show features several interesting things that may be 6 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:06,000 happening somewhere near you. 7 00:00:06,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Or maybe not. 8 00:00:07,000 --> 00:00:08,000 It's hard to say, actually. You might live two miles north 9 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:09,000 of nowhere. 10 00:00:10,000 --> 00:00:11,000 But that's the beauty of this show. Even if nothing interesting 11 00:00:11,000 --> 00:00:12,000 is happening near you, you can still enjoy interesting things 12 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:13,000 happening somewhere else. That's because we feature all kinds 13 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:14,000 of interesting things and bring them to you.

27. SAMI Captioning <SAMI><HEAD> <!-- <!-- P {margin-left: 29pt; margin-right: 29pt; font-size: 24pt; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #000000;} P {margin-left: 29pt; margin-right: 29pt; font-size: 24pt; text-align: center; font-family: Tahoma; font-weight: bold; color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #000000;}.SUBTTL {Name: 'Subtitles'; Lang: en-US; SAMIType: CC;}.SUBTTL {Name: 'Subtitles'; Lang: en-US; SAMIType: CC;} --> --> </HEAD><BODY> Closed Captioned by Sumdude Productions, March 15, 2009 Closed Captioned by Sumdude Productions, March 15, 2009 Intro Music Intro Music Welcome to today's video presentation of something interesting Welcome to today's video presentation of something interesting happening somewhere in the world today. happening somewhere in the world today. Today's show features several interesting things that may be Today's show features several interesting things that may be happening somewhere near you. happening somewhere near you. Or maybe not. Or maybe not. It's hard to say, actually. You might live two miles north It's hard to say, actually. You might live two miles north of nowhere. of nowhere. But that's the beauty of this show. Even if nothing interesting But that's the beauty of this show. Even if nothing interesting is happening near you, you can still enjoy interesting things is happening near you, you can still enjoy interesting things happening somewhere else. That's because we feature all kinds happening somewhere else. That's because we feature all kinds of interesting things and bring them to you. of interesting things and bring them to you. </BODY></SAMI>

28. Quicktime Captioning {QTtext} {font:Tahoma} {plain} {size:20} {timeScale:30} {width:160} {height:32} {timeStamps:absolute} {language:0} [00:00:00.00] Closed Captioned by Sumdude Productions, March 15, 2009 [00:00:01.00] [00:00:01.00] Intro Music [00:00:02.00] [00:00:02.00] Welcome to today's video presentation of something interesting [00:00:03.00] [00:00:03.00] happening somewhere in the world today. [00:00:04.00] [00:00:04.00] Today's show features several interesting things that may be [00:00:05.00] [00:00:05.00] happening somewhere near you. [00:00:06.00] [00:00:06.00] Or maybe not. [00:00:07.00] [00:00:07.00] It's hard to say, actually. You might live two miles north [00:00:08.00] [00:00:08.00] of nowhere. [00:00:09.00] [00:00:10.01] But that's the beauty of this show. Even if nothing interesting [00:00:11.01] [00:00:11.01] is happening near you, you can still enjoy interesting things [00:00:12.01] [00:00:12.01] happening somewhere else. That's because we feature all kinds [00:00:13.01] [00:00:13.01] of interesting things and bring them to you. [00:00:14.01]

29. YouTube Captioning 00:00:06.500,00:00:08.200 [Herb, YouTuber] This video demonstrates closed captions. 00:00:08.300,00:00:11.000 To turn on captions, click on the icon over here. 00:00:12.500,00:00:16.400 [Greg, Deaf Singer] Back when the Internet was first established, deaf people had a great time with it. 00:00:16.500,00:00:18.500 Everything was readable. Then... 00:00:19.000,00:00:22.200 [Ken, Deaf Listener] Movies started showing up. We couldn't understand them... 00:00:22.500,00:00:24.000 there were no captions! 00:00:24.500,00:00:27.000 Fortunately, Google Video added support for captions.

30. Captioning Tools (local) Aegisub: www.aegisub.org www.aegisub.org MacCaption & CPC Caption Maker: http://www.cpcweb.com/ http://www.cpcweb.com NCAM/CC for Flash: http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/ccforflash/index.html http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/ccforflash/index.html MAGpie: http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie/ http://ncam.wgbh.org/webaccess/magpie/ Subtitle Workshop: www.urusoft.net/products.php?cat=sw www.urusoft.net/products.php?cat=sw

31. Captioning Tools (web- based) Express Scribe - transcription SubtitleHorse - captioning YouTube.com - captioning Overstream.net - redirection Dotsub.com - redirection

32. Process Overview Create transcript Seek permissions Format captions Captioning Key http://www.cfv.org/caai/nadh7.pdf http://www.cfv.org/caai/nadh7.pdf Time sync captions Save time synced captions Combine captions with digital file

33. Express Scribe Professional Audio Player Software Free and Pro versions Support for video playback (pro) Support for variety of digital formats Support for foot-pedals Variable speed playback Powerful job management features http://www.nch.com.au/scribe/index.html

34. SubtitleHorse Free web-based captioning tool Requires web-based FLV or MP4 video Save out to various caption file formats like timedText, SRT, Adobe Encore, etc... Support for HTTP and RTMP Once started, four-days of editing time www.subtitlehorse.com

35. Camtasia TechSmith- Educational Pricing: $75 Save caption files as SRT & SAMI Share via YouTube, iTunes, Screencast.com Isolate audio track as QT audio Export to MP4 with open captions Export as Webpage (no captions) Adjustable font size & color of captions...

36. Screencast-o-Matic screencast-o-matic.com Free web-based screen capture Requires Java Save video as: QT MP4, AVI, FLV, and animated GIF Import text-based caption files: Start and stop times two lines of text repeat as necessary...

37. YouTube.com Video repository Varying support for captioning Must own the video to add captioning Timed caption files can be downloaded Speech recognition can help transcript creation process, but not always with great effectiveness...

38. YouTube Process 1. Mouse over the 'Account' link in the upper right corner of every page. 2. Click 'My Videos'. You will then be directed to a page showing your uploaded videos. 3. Find the video to which you'd like to add captions/subtitles, then click the 'Edit' button. 4. Click the 'Captions and Subtitles' link in the menu bar. 5. Click the 'Browse' button and find the caption/subtitle file to upload. Additional options will appear. Select the appropriate language. If you wish, you can also enter a track name. 6. Click the 'Upload' button. Source: http://help.youtube.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=100077 http://help.youtube.com/support/youtube/bin/answer.py?answer=100077

39. YouTube: Still More Copyright applies to YouTube! When you don’t own the video: Overstream.net: http://www.overstream.net/ http://www.overstream.net Dotsub.com: http://dotsub.com/login.jsp http://dotsub.com/login.jsp Subtitle Horse: http://www.subtitle-horse.com/index.php

40. Questions?

41. Thank You! Jayme Johnson jjohnson@htctu.net High Tech Center Training Unit: www.htctu.net