1. MYANMAR Country Report Status of Science & Technology in Myanmar
Dr.Thida
Lecturer
Department of Technical and Vocational Education
Ministry of Science and Technology
Myanmar

2. Contents - About Myanmar
Organization Structure of Ministry of Science and Technology
- Developing Human Resources Sector
Research and Development Sector
Expenditure in R&D for MOST

3. Introduction Location : Southeast Asia
Total land:676,577 square Kilometers
Immediate neighbors: China, India, Laos, Thailand and Bangladesh
Capital city : Yangon
Ethic groups: 135

4. Welcome to Myanmar ( The Golden Land)
There are four religions in Myanmar. Major religion is Buddhism. Others are Christianity, Islam and Hinduism.

5. The Population in Myanmar
Myanmar races are Kachin,
Kayah, Kayin ,Chin, Bamar, Mon,
Rakhine and Shan
Population :54 million

6. Climate in Myanmar Myanmar has three distinct seasons:
Summer : March to April
Rainy season : May to October
Cold season : November to February

7. Objectives of MOST
To carry out Research & Development works for national economic development
To strengthen the national economy utilizing the national resources
To enhance production in agricultural and industrial sectors through technology transfer and distribution of knowledge gained from research and development works
To plan and carry out human resources development programs so as to obtain specialist and professional in Science and Technology
To carry out tasks such as laboratory analysis, quality control and standardization of industrial raw material, and finished products
To conduct applied research on the utilization of atomic energy

8. Organization Structure of Ministry of Science & Technology
Myanmar Scientific and Technological Research Department (MSTRD)
Department of Advanced Science and Technology (DAST)
Department of Technical and Vocational Education (DTVE)
Department of Technology Promotion and Coordination (DTPC)
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE)
Material Science and Materials Engineering Research Department (MSMERD) (approved to be established)

9. Activities of Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST)
- Extending and upgrading Technological Universities, Colleges and Institutes and Computer Universities and Colleges
- Offering special courses and new specializations
- Providing advanced teaching aids, laboratory equipment up-to-date reference materials
- Providing engineers, architects, scientists and computer technologists who have the same expertise as those in neighboring Southeast Asian countries.

10. Function of MSTRD
MSTRD is composed of eight research departments conducting research in various scientific disciplines and Six technical Support departments giving assistance to the technical departments under the Ministry as well as to other governmental organizations, business enterprises at eighteen industrial zones.
Currently the department is analyzing and doing research on 2500 varieties of specimens.
Moreover, by supporting & supervising the thesis of post-graduates and Ph.D. candidates.

11. Function of DAST
- To study sufficiently produces engineers, architects and computer technologists for a modern development nation.
- To encourage and supervise advanced technologists and technicians to do research, thereby inventing mechanical appliances according to the plans for the development of Science and Technology so as to built up an agriculture-based industrialized nation.

12. Technological Universities, Computer Universities & Colleges
Yangon Technological University (YTU)
Mandalay Technological University (MTU)
Pyay Technological University (PTU)
Myanmar Aerospace Engineering University (MAEU)
University of Computer studies (Yangon)
University of Computer studies (Mandalay)
24 Government Computer Colleges

13. The Diploma/Degree/Certificate offered at YTU/ MTU/ PTU /MAEU/
Diploma/Degree/ Certificate Duration
Diploma (in Engineering) 2-years
B.E/ B.Arch (in Engineering) 5-years 6-months
M.E/M.Arch (in Engineering) 2-years
Ph.D (in Engineering) 3 to 5 years
Diploma (in Applied Science) 1-year
Master (in Applied Science) 2-years
Ph.D (in Applied Science) 3 to 5 years
Dip.C.S/ Dip.C.M/ A.Dip.C.S/ A,Dip.C.M 1-years
B.C.S.C/ B.C.Tech. (in Computer) 3-years
M.C.Sc/M.C.Tech./M.I.Sc./M.A.Sc 4-years
Ph.D (Information Technology) 3-years

14. Function of DTVE
Nurturing and training Middle-Rung Technicians and Performance-Base Well trained Engineering Technicians and engineers who are well educated and efficient in practical works as ell.
Bridging the gap between Divisions and States, between urban and rural areas by affording the equal opportunity to have technical education and fostering human resources.

15. The Certificates/Degrees offered at GTCs/GTIs are:
Certificates/Degrees Duration
BSTC (Module 1&2) 1-years
Associateship Government 2-years
Technical Institutes (A.G.T.I)
Basic Technician (B.Tech) 2-years
Bachelor of Engineering (B.E) 1-years

16. Function of DTPC Function of DAE
Upgrading the local technological potentials in the construction of machineries.
- Collaborating with international for promotion of Technology.
Function of DAE
DAE is carrying out research, development and training in the field of atomic energy and tasks concerning safely of radiation sources and production from nuclear radiation hazards.

17. Developing Human Resources Sector
Extending Universities, Colleges, and Institutes
Extending New Courses and Special Courses
International Collaborations

18. Research and Development Sector
Research works on Rural Development
Research works on industrial Development
Researches for Master’s and Doctoral Programs
Regular research works being done by Research Departments

19. Current and Future Development & Leading Research and Innovation on S&T
Food Science and Technology
Biotechnology
Meteorology and Geophysics
Materials Science and Technology
Information Technology
Non- Conventional Energy Research
Marine Science and Technology
Space Technology

20. Expenditure in R&D for MOST
Year
Currency
units
millions
Fiscal Year
2002
Kyats (K) 56
(1st April)
2001 26
(1st April)
2000 4
(1st April)
1999
(1st April)
1998
(1st April)
1997 2
(1st April)

21. Funds From abroad
The order of magnitude of the multilateral development assistance for 2001 was close to US$ 40 million; bilateral assistance (grants and loans) was close to US$ 90 million, without counting china who is and important source of aid. NGOs have brought close to US$ 9 million. This approximates a total US$ 150 million. The two major multilateral partners for Myanmar in the area of education are UNDP and UNICEF, UNDP financed US$ 13 million between 1994 and 2002 in the three phases of the HDI education project implemented by UNESCO.

22. Conclusion
MOST is implementing the tasks of nurturing required technicians scientists by means of short-term and long-term plans outstrips the target goals and successfully carrying out in drawing plan and doing state-level research works for rural development, industrial development, and Technological development. The present status of Myanmar still have gaps compared with the developed countries. Therefore, we are still striving continuously for all round development of Science & Technology.