1. THE WAR AT HOME

2. Wars = Fought by soldiers on the FRONT LINES WWI was an exception to this: Although the battles of WWI never took place on Canadian soil, the impact and cost of war was felt throughout the entire country Although the battles of WWI never took place on Canadian soil, the impact and cost of war was felt throughout the entire country The war affected the home front in two very significant ways: The war affected the home front in two very significant ways: 1. It changed the Canadian Economy; and 2. It changed the lives of Canadian women.

3. The Canadian Economy WWI – Canadian government now responsible for manufacturing and shipping millions of dollars in war supplies to help support the British Army and Canadian troops: 1. Munitions 2. Shells 3. Aircraft Parts 4. Clothes 5. Food Demand for these supplies was extremely HIGH! Canada was spending more than 1 million dollars a day!

4. STRAIN on the ECONOMY PROBLEM: Men fighting in Europe + Women on their own trying to raise and support family = Less spending on goods and services. SOLUTION: 1. War Loans 2. Victory Bonds 3. War Income Tax

5. War Loans What = Government borrows money by selling bonds to Investors and private corporations. Redemption of money after 5, 10, or 20 years with 5% interest. Earnings = $500 million

6. Victory Bonds What = Government borrowed money by selling victory bonds to the general public. Redemption of money after 5, 10, or 20 years with 5.5% interest. Earnings = More than 3 million Canadians bought VBs = $738 million

7. War Income Tax What = A direct tax established in 1917. The government collected 3% of gross earnings (before deductions) from a family that earned more than $3000 a year and from individuals who earned more than $1500 a year. This did not end with the war as the government promised!

8. Canadian Women and WWI IMAGINE: The year = 1914 The year = 1914 Men went to work everyday. Men went to work everyday. Women remained at home to clean the house, shop, cook, take care of children, do the laundry, etc. Women remained at home to clean the house, shop, cook, take care of children, do the laundry, etc. Women did not have the right to vote and jobs they did have were unskilled and paid very little. Women did not have the right to vote and jobs they did have were unskilled and paid very little.

9. NOW IMAGINE: The Year = August 1914 The Year = August 1914 Canada is suddenly shot into an epic World Battle. Canada is suddenly shot into an epic World Battle. Millions of Canadian men sent overseas to FIGHT. Millions of Canadian men sent overseas to FIGHT. Millions of Canadian women left home to support themselves and their families and to fill the roles that men left behind. Millions of Canadian women left home to support themselves and their families and to fill the roles that men left behind.

10. The Role of Women Factories: The Canadian government needed war supplies to be manufactured in Canadian factories BUT men overseas = women begin to work in factories making war supplies. The Canadian government needed war supplies to be manufactured in Canadian factories BUT men overseas = women begin to work in factories making war supplies.Nurses: Over 2400 women enlisted in the army as nurses. Over 2400 women enlisted in the army as nurses. 18 women were killed. 18 women were killed.

11. TOTAL WAR Total war is a conflict of unlimited scope in which a belligerent engages in a mobilization of all available resources at their disposal, whether human, industrial, agricultural, military, natural, technological, or otherwise, in order to entirely destroy or render beyond use their rival's capacity to continue resistance. conflict belligerentmobilizationresourcesconflict belligerentmobilizationresources From what you have learned about WWI – Do you believe it was a TOTAL WAR?

12. YOUR TASK Think about and respond to the following question in a well written and proper paragraph: Was the change that Canadian women experienced during WWI a positive change OR do you think they were being exploited? Consider the following when developing your response: 1. Poor wages BUT Extra Income 2. Inflation 3. Child Care Dilemmas 4. Societal Expectations of Women 5. Lost jobs when soldiers returned 6. New found independence 7. The Vote