2. NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5 The Surface of the Earth: Soil Types

3.  Rocks break down and change into sand  Very slow process  Sand is not soil  Soil is:  Mixture of different soil grains  Decomposing plant and animal parts  Minerals from rocks  Nutrients from plant and animal parts NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

4.  Three different types of soil (sandy, clayey, loamy)  Contain different proportions of soil grains  All three types contain:  Soil grains  Air  Water  Animal and plant matter  Small organisms NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

5.  Lots of big sand particles (rocks that break up)  Rough /course texture  Large air pockets between the sand particles  Can hold a lot of air and a little bit of water  Does not retain fertilisers  Easily blown and washed away NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

6.  Lots of fine grains of clay  Can be moulded  Smooth texture when dry; sticky when wet  Spaces between the clay particles much smaller, with smaller air pockets  Very little air  Lots of water  Retains fertilisers for a long period NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

7.  Mixture of clay, sand and humus (decomposed animal/plant matter)  Smooth and powdery texture  Fertile and loose (best soil for plants to grow in)  Spaces are smaller than those of sandy soil  Contains small rock particles  Contains less air than sandy soil  Absorbs more water than sandy soil NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IF5I2-IXbE NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

9. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS7zfeK4OTQ NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5

11.  http://nebraskapltandwet.blogspot.com (image) http://nebraskapltandwet.blogspot.com  www.valdosta.com (image) www.valdosta.com  bgs.ac.uk (image)  en.wikipedia.org Iimage)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS7zfeK4OTQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uS7zfeK4OTQ  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IF5I2-IXbE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IF5I2-IXbE  www.plantcaretoday.com  www.thunderboltkids.com  CAPS Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 5  Barnard T, Bevan W, Collett H, McKay R, Turley C. 2013. Oxford Successful Natural Science Grade 5 Leaner’s Book. Cape Town: Oxford University Press NATURAL SCIENCES GRADE 5