1. MELISSA NEUTZ, LINDSAY DREIS CHALLENGE OF DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA 35.2

2. New borders divided people of the same background Produced one or two products Unbalanced economy Small middle class Independent nations still lacked skilled work force Fragile democratic governments were replaced by military dictaorship European Policies Cause Problems And Short –lived Democracies COLONIAL RULE LIMITS DEMOCRACY

3. CIVIL WAR IN NIGERIA A Land of Many Peoples North- Hausa-Fulani were mostly Muslim South- Yoruba and Ibo were mostly Christian, Muslim or animist Federal system- power is shared between state and central Three divided War with Biafra Minorities began to resent the rule In 1966 army official seized regional government martial law- temporary military rule Ibo fled to east, Biafra

4. NIGERIA’S NATION-BUILDING Created a stronger central government Economy based on oil Democracy was restored Overthrown by Hausa-Fulani Elected Moshood Adiola but a dictator General Sani Abacha took control

5. NIGERIA’S NATION-BUILDING Abacha banned political activity and jailed opponents Dissidents-government opponents 1999 Nigerians elected the first civilian president

6. CONTINUED Obasanjo was a Yoruba Had support of military Obasanjo called on George W. Bush for help in debt relief for Nigeria’s $30 billion debt to the international community Nigeria was had many problems like war, violence hunger and corruption but was still increasing its oil exports and having economic growth

7. SOUTH AFRICA UNDER APARTHEID Apartheid Segregates Society National Party came to power and supported Afrikaner and apartheid Apartheid= complete separation of the races Minority government set up reserves for the country’s major black groups Blacks Protest ANC (African National Congress) established to fight for the black majority against the white minority Nelson Mandela= leader of the ANC http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=5s8xkjG8bx4 http://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=5s8xkjG8bx4 Riot broke out in Soweto leaving students and leader Stephen Biko dead

8. STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY The First Steps F.W. de Klerk elected in 1989 Legalized the ANC and released Mandela Repealed Apartheid laws To ease the restrictions a multiracial government was needed De Klerk held first open election Majority Rules Mandela was elected president (helped by ANC) Inkatha freedom party rivaled ANC

9. CONTINUED A New Constitution New democratic constitution (modeled US Bill of Rights) South Africa Today Thabo Mbaki won election as president Promoted a free market economy to repair S.A. infrastructure and encourage foreign investors Many S.A. died from disease S.A. was involved in negotiations to establish free- trade agreements with the European Union, Japan, Canada and the US

10. WORKS CITED Pages 1040-1045 in the world history text book http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/maps/MAPAFRICAMOD01.HTML http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Technology/Materials- Technology/Rubber/Rubber-3.html http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Technology/Materials- Technology/Rubber/Rubber-3.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roasted_coffee_beans.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Nigeria http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/133646.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2160299.stm http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/ig/Apartheid-Signs-Image- Gallery/White-Area.htm http://africanhistory.about.com/od/apartheid/ig/Apartheid-Signs-Image- Gallery/White-Area.htm http://berrykissinspires.blogspot.com/2012/04/former-president-olusegun- obasanjo.html http://berrykissinspires.blogspot.com/2012/04/former-president-olusegun- obasanjo.html http://www.nanima.co.za/2011/01/nelson-mandela-in-hospital/ http://tariganter.wordpress.com/2011/11/11/thabo-mbeki-urges-africans-to- protect-their-right-of-self-determination-from-neo-imperialism/ http://tariganter.wordpress.com/2011/11/11/thabo-mbeki-urges-africans-to- protect-their-right-of-self-determination-from-neo-imperialism/ http://library.thinkquest.org/C0126261/thabo_mvuyelwa_mbeki.htm http://www.worldpress.org/Africa/2050.cfm