1. Modernism Broad, diverse movement that sought to capture excitement of modern world Experimented with language, form, symbol (think e.e. cummings breaking line forms, Hemingway focusing on character, etc.

2. Modernism r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-r by E. E. Cummings r-p-o-p-h-e-s-s-a-g-rE. E. Cummings who a)s w(eloo)k upnowgath PPEGORHRASS eringint(o- aThe):l eA !p: S a (r rIvInG.gRrEaPsPhOs) to rea(be)rran(com)gi(e)ngly,grasshopper;

3. Symbolism literary movement of 19 th century France writers (Poe et al) reacted against realism– (“life as it is”– often dealing with grim social realities) Stressed importance of emotional state

4. Symbolism: Tree of Life c.1909 Gustav Klimt The Tree of Life is an important symbol in nearly every culture. With its branches reaching into the sky, and roots deep in the earth, it dwells in three worlds- a link between heaven, the earth, and the underworld, uniting above and below.

5. Surrealism Developed out of Dada activities of WWI  anti-war, anti-materialism, anarchistic  ridiculed meaninglessness of the modern world. Center of the movement: Paris. Spread from 1920s onward, affecting the arts, as well as politics, philosophy, and social thinking. Used Freud's ideas about free association, dream analysis, and the unconscious to liberate imagination. Emphasized irrational side of human nature

6. Surrealism Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory c.1954 – Salvadore Dali

7. Impressionism Distinguished by greatly increased complexity, sweeping nature with fine details In literature – more complex characters

8. Impressionism: Wheatfield with Reaper, Van Gogh

9. Old Man in Sorrow, 1890 Van Gogh

10. Existentialism Human reason is inadequate to explain meaning of life Universe is indifferent to humans Individual is solely responsible for giving his or her own life meaning and for living that life passionately and sincerely, in spite of many existential obstacles and distractions including despair, angst, absurdity, alienation, and boredom. -Kierkegaard

11. Existentialism Excerpt from “Dover Beach” by Matthew Arnold Ah, love, let us be true To one another! for the world, which seems To lie before us like a land of dreams, So various, so beautiful, so new, Hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, Nor certitude, nor peace, nor help for pain; And we are here as on a darkling plain Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, Where ignorant armies clash by night.