2. Presented to: By: Alan L Hoffert Date: February 11, 2013 Federal Aviation Administration ATC Phraseology English as She Is Spoken DPE Meeting

3. Federal Aviation Administration 2 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Communication & Runway Safety

4. Federal Aviation Administration 3 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Language of Aviation What thoughts come to mind? English being the ICAO – prescribed official language of global aviation. The peculiar jargon unique to our preferred pastime.

5. Federal Aviation Administration 4 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Language of Aviation The wonder and woe of language, though, is that even two people from the same cultural background — or a single household — can hear the same word or phrase and reach a different conclusion as to its meaning.

6. Federal Aviation Administration 5 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “ The single, most important concept in pilot-controller communications is understanding” AIM, Chapter 4,Section 2, para 4-2-1b

7. Federal Aviation Administration 6 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Tennerife (in the Canary Islands) 583 Fatalities

8. Federal Aviation Administration 7 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Quincy, IL November 11, 1996 14 Fatalities

9. Federal Aviation Administration 8 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “English as She is Spoken” Words and Language Movie trivia question

10. Federal Aviation Administration 9 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 MOVIE TRIVIA QUESTION? “WHAT WE’VE GOT HERE IS FAILURE TO COMMUNICATE!”

11. Federal Aviation Administration 10 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “ COOL HAND LUKE ”

12. Federal Aviation Administration 11 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 What you say. How you say it. When you say it. Where you say it. Some facts about the English language.

13. Federal Aviation Administration 12 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Consider these facts: Over 171,000 words. About 3X as many as during Shakespeare’s Time.

14. Federal Aviation Administration 13 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Consider these facts: Over half of the books and most of the email in the world are in English. One in every seven people on the planet can speak English.

15. Federal Aviation Administration 14 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013

16. Federal Aviation Administration 15 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013

17. Federal Aviation Administration 16 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 There is no egg in eggplant, nor pine in pineapple, or ham in hamburger. Sweet meats are candy, while sweet breads, which aren’t sweet, are meat.

18. Federal Aviation Administration 17 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 WORDS THAT SOUND THE SAME; ARE SPELLED THE SAME; PRONOUNCED THE SAME; BUT…. HAVE TOTALLY DIFFERENT MEANINGS!

19. Federal Aviation Administration 18 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Noun or Verb? He could lead if he could get the lead out. The farm was used to produce produce. The insurance was invalid for the invalid. After a number of injections, my jaw got number.

20. Federal Aviation Administration 19 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth? Why are boxing rings square?

21. Federal Aviation Administration 20 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 If the teacher taught, why isn’t it true that the preacher praught? If a vegetarian eats vegetables.– What does a humanitarian eat?

22. Federal Aviation Administration 21 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 IF OLIVE OIL IS MADE FROM OLIVES. WHAT IS BABY OIL MADE FROM?

23. Federal Aviation Administration 22 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 WHY DO THEY CALL THEM APARTMENTS…? …WHEN THEY ARE ALL TOGETHER!

24. Federal Aviation Administration 23 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 People drive on a parkway… yet park in a driveway. We have noses that run… and feet that smell.

25. Federal Aviation Administration 24 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Words that are opposites, but when used in certain sentences mean the same. How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same?

26. Federal Aviation Administration 25 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 IF BUTTON AND UNBUTTON, AND TIE AND UNTIE ARE OPPOSITES. WHY ARE LOOSEN AND UNLOOSEN THE SAME?

27. Federal Aviation Administration 26 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Words that mean the same, but are opposite in meaning… …depending on where or when you say it.

28. Federal Aviation Administration 27 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 If you say “I apologize or “ I am sorry”. They both mean the same thing…right? What about talking to a widow at a funeral??

29. Federal Aviation Administration 28 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Why are wise men and wise guys opposites? Overlook and oversee. Shouldn’t they mean the same? While “quite a lot” and “quite a few are the same thing..

30. Federal Aviation Administration 29 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Why do you trust all of your money to someone who’s a broker? Why is that when the stars are out they are “visible”, but when lights are out they are “invisible”?

31. Federal Aviation Administration 30 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 QUESTION? You are given the following ATC clearance: You are given the following ATC clearance: N1234 right there, turn left. N1234 right there, turn left. or or N1234 make a left turn right there. N1234 make a left turn right there. What word makes this clearance confusing and why? What word makes this clearance confusing and why? ANSWER: Right

32. Federal Aviation Administration 31 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “I am”, is reputedly the shortest sentence in the English language. Two words, two syllables, three letters one space, and one punctuation mark. What is the longest sentence? I do. What word makes this quip funny?

33. Federal Aviation Administration 32 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 WEBSTER’S DICTIONARY Does not indicate a difference between the meaning for the word “COMPLETED” and “FINISHED”

34. Federal Aviation Administration 33 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 IF YOU MARRY THE RIGHT PERSON YOUR LIFE IS SAID TO BE “COMPLETE” IF YOU MARRY THE WRONG PERSON YOUR LIFE IS “FINISHED” IF YOUR MARRIED TO THE RIGHT PERSON BUT CAUGHT WITH THE WRONG PERSON YOUR LIFE IS COMPLETELY FINISHED

35. Federal Aviation Administration 34 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 You don’t have change for a five, do you (?) (!) YES, I DO NOT HAVE CHANGE FOR A FIVE! BUT HOW DID YOU KNOW THAT I DIDN’T! Statement or question?

36. Federal Aviation Administration 35 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013

37. Federal Aviation Administration 36 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 THE ACCOUNTANT AT THE MUSIC STORE RECORDS RECORDS OF THE RECORDS

38. Federal Aviation Administration 37 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Diary of a Pre-Scholl Teacher My five-year old students are learning to read. Yesterday one of them pointed at a picture in a zoo book and said, “Look at this! It’s a frickin’ elephant!” I took a deep breath, then asked… ”What did you call it?” “It’s a frickin’ elephant! It says so on the picture!”

39. Federal Aviation Administration 38 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 And so it does… " A f r i c a n Elephant " Hooked on phonics! Ain't it wonderful?

40. Federal Aviation Administration 39 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Communications Effective pilot/controller communications are key to safe surface operations.

41. Federal Aviation Administration 40 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 ATC Communications Procedures Your initial transmission should contain these elements: ►Who you are calling ►Your call sign ►Where you are located on the airfield ►Acknowledgement of ATIS information and its current alpha code ►Your intentions, stated briefly

42. Federal Aviation Administration 41 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 ATC Communications Procedures State your location whenever making initial contact with any tower or ground controller, regardless of whether you have previously stated your location to a different controller. Use standard ATC phraseology at all times in order to facilitate clear and concise pilot/controller communications. Focus on what ATC is instructing. Do not perform any non-essential tasks while communicating with ATC.

43. Federal Aviation Administration 42 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 ATC Communications Procedures Read back all clearances/instructions to enter a specific runway, hold short of a runway, or “line up and wait.” Including your call sign. In your transmission, include the runway designator and taxiway intersection when appropriate. Including your call sign. Read back all runway assignments. Including your call sign.

44. Federal Aviation Administration 43 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 ATC Communications Procedures Read back all takeoff and landing clearances, including the runway designator. Including your call sign. If unfamiliar with the taxi routes at an airport, ask for progressive taxi instructions. Clarify any misunderstanding or confusion concerning ATC instructions or clearances.

45. Federal Aviation Administration 44 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “Assumption Mistake” Hearing what we expect to hear is human tendency. Experience and skill cannot compensate for this natural perceptual limitation. You can help avoid this mistake with active listening.

46. Federal Aviation Administration 45 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “Assumption Mistake” The “assumption mistake” has numerous variations. Some examples of common mistakes include: If any portion of the transmission is garbled or stepped on, do not assume that the unheard portion is irrelevant. Request that the transmission be repeated by stating “say again”.

47. Federal Aviation Administration 46 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “Assumption Mistake” The “assumption mistake” has numerous variations. Some examples of common mistakes include: If your call sign is not included in the transmission, don’t assume that the transmission is for you. Ask for clarification: “Was that for...?” Listen carefully. Don’t assume that a transmission is exactly what you expected.

48. Federal Aviation Administration 47 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Radio Technique Listen Think

49. Federal Aviation Administration 48 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 Summary Words What you say. How you say it. When you say it. ATC Taxi clearance.

50. Federal Aviation Administration 49 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 ATC: “N 1234 approaching the intersection ahead, bear to the right” N1234: “Roger, I Have Him In Sight!

51. Federal Aviation Administration 50 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “I know that you believe you understand what I said…. But, I am not sure you realize that what I said is not what I meant. “

52. Federal Aviation Administration 51 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 WHEN I WIND UP MY WATCH I START IT, BUT WHEN I WIND UP THIS TALK I END IT !

53. Federal Aviation Administration 52 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013

54. Federal Aviation Administration 53 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 THANK YOU FOR TAKING AN INTEREST IN AVIATION SAFETY!

55. Federal Aviation Administration 54 English As She Is Spoken February 11, 2013 “Remember Safety is No Accident” Let’s Go Flying