1. 1 Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Utility Workers, Foremen and Supervisors Module FHWA Grant No. DTFH61-06-G-00006 Developed by: Wayne State University & Bradley University

2. 2 Introduction to the Guidelines

3. 3 Utility Work Zone Traffic Control Guidelines Developed for FHWA Include recommended traffic control plans Temporary traffic control devices Meant for electrical, gas, telephone, cable, water, sewer, landscaping, others Not meant for nighttime or freeway work

4. 4 Reasons for Guideline Development Utility work zone activities Mitigating safety challenges To address gaps in existing guidelines and training To identify needs through research and practice

5. 5 Need for Utility Work Zone Guidelines Shorter in duration Different traffic control needed Change in travel environment for drivers Improve safety Reduce utility work zone crashes

6. 6 Perception Reaction Time of Drivers Perception (See) Intellection (Understand) Emotion (Act) Volition (Execute) PIEV PIEV for normal driver is assumed as 2.5 sec

7. 7 Intellection: Identification of cue or stimulus Perception: recognition or realization that cue or stimulus exists that requires response Emotion: determination of appropriate response to cue or stimulus Volition: physical response that results from decision Perception Reaction Time of Drivers

8. 8 Uniformity Treatment of similar work site with same traffic control Traffic control devices Color Strobe or oscillating lights Arrow panels

9. 9 Conspicuity Increased through proper traffic control devices Using color of work zones – ORANGE Work zones that stand out from other surroundings to passing motorists

10. 10 Recommended Traffic Control Devices and Why?

11. 11 Basic Requirements for Traffic Control Devices Fulfill a need Command attention Convey a clear, simple meaning Command respect from road users Give adequate time for proper response Source: MUTCD Section 1A.02

12. 12 Temporary Traffic Control Signs Message, layout, and configuration per MUTCD Construction fluorescent orange color with mircoprismatic retro-reflective characteristics 2 orange supplemental flags may be mounted Size = 36” x 36” Crashworthy Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-2

13. 13 Temporary Traffic Control Signs Portable temporary traffic control signs Reduce work duration and workers’ exposure to risk Placing signage lower to the ground may produce a greater impact on the driving population

14. 14 Comparison of Mounting Techniques

15. 15 Comparison of Mounting Techniques Drivers tend to look at pavement in front of them 4º better than 12º cone of vision Easier recognition of work zone when signs are mounted different than typical signs Retractable stands for parked vehicles Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-2

16. 16 Poorly Mounted Signs

17. 17 Sample Work Zone Warning Signs For Utility Work Zone Applications For Other Work Zone Applications

18. 18 Arrow Panels Guide motorists to change lanes when work activities are taking place on the road Caution motorists of work activities on or adjacent to a shoulder To increase visibility and likelihood of drivers responding in a safe and timely manner

19. 19 Arrow Panels Support panel 48” H x 96” W Minimum of 15 lamps Front panel with flat, non-reflective black background Mounted at minimum of 7’ from roadway to bottom of panel

20. 20 Arrow Panels Flash Rate: 25-40 flashes per minute Angularity requirements: For moving operations, work in urban areas use ‘general-purpose (wide) beam’ panels Lamp Requirements: Certified by the state; lamp size of PAR 46 or PAR 36

21. 21 Channelizing Devices Provides guidance/delineation to motorists Need to be easily installed and removed Must be orange and contain retro-reflective bands Made of a material that will not damage a vehicle if impacted 36” taller cones or tubular markers are more desirable Source: MUTCD Figure 6F-7

22. 22 Taller Cones Use orange taller cones with retro-reflective bands Preferred over normal traffic cones Provides increased visibility Transported easily Quick installation and removal on-site

23. 23 Barricades Contains 1 to 3 rails of markings Used to control road users Types I, II, and III

24. 24 Warning Lights on Work Vehicles Attract the attention of road users Potentially hazardous situation Sufficient time for taking appropriate action Warning light standardization desirable Promote driver understanding Recognition of lights on work vehicles

25. 25 Warning Lights on Work Vehicles Warning lights should be visible to drivers from all angles (360 degrees) Larger vehicles should be equipped with a minimum of three warning lights Warning lights should be amber in color

26. 26 Warning lights should be TURNED ON! Warning Lights on Work Vehicles

27. 27 Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles Visibility increased by the use of retro-reflective markings and appropriate vehicle colors Retro-reflective vehicle markings should supplement warning light systems Retro-reflective material should be affixed to the back of utility work vehicles

28. 28 Retro-reflective Markings on Work Vehicles Retro-reflective material should be 4” wide (8” is desirable) Fluorescent orange, white, and black diagonal stripes color pattern

29. 29 Work Vehicles Painted Orange Visibility of work vehicle very important Orange vehicle is visual cue Orange is color for work zones Consistency in colors improves safety Increases driver awareness and recognition of work zone

30. 30 Work Vehicles Painted Orange Desirable Vehicle Colors Undesirable Vehicle Colors

31. 31 Work Vehicle Placement Place vehicle upstream of work area to shield on-foot workers from traffic Place upstream to warn vehicles of an upcoming work zone Place equipment trailers downstream of work area to avoid being hit by traffic

32. 32 Improper Placement of Work Vehicle

33. 33 Work Vehicle Not Protected

34. 34 Set-up and Removal of Devices Spend least amount of time necessary to set-up and remove devices safely Perform work as expeditiously as possible to reduce exposure Decreasing exposure time increases safety Use devices that are easily transported

35. 35 Identify traffic control plan ahead of time Plan and discuss traffic control off roadway Park work vehicles and equipment to maximize safety Place traffic control devices as per selected plan starting at beginning of work zone Set-up of Traffic Control Devices

36. 36 Remove immediately following completion of work Start at end of work zone Only leave in place what is needed Know where everything goes in work vehicle so no time is wasted Removal of Traffic Control Devices

37. 37 Worker with proper safety apparel but not properly protected from traffic Worker Safety and Visibility Be concerned with personal safety Must wear high-visibility safety apparel at all times Clothing color orange, yellow, yellow-green, or fluorescent versions of these colors Must include retro-reflective materials

38. 38 Worker Safety Apparel Proposed Amendment to MUTCD Section 6D.03 requires “American National Standard For High- Visibility Safety Apparel and Headwear” ANSI (American National Standards Institute) / ISEA (International Safety Equipment Association) 107-2004 Class 2 and 3 garments based on worker activities

39. 39 Other Protective Apparel ANSI Compliant Hard Hats ANSI Steel Toe Boots ANSI Compliant Protective Eyewear

40. 40 Flagger (Traffic Regulator) Training For flagger (traffic regulator) training information refer to The National Work Zone Safety Clearinghouse at http://www.workzonesafety.org/training/

41. 41 Suggested Traffic Control Plans / Pedestrian Issues

42. 42 Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic Control Components

43. 43 Temporary Traffic Control Components Activity Area – work space, traffic space, and buffer space. Advanced Warning Area – used to provide warning to motorists of an upcoming utility activity.

44. 44 Advance Warning Sign Examples No advance warning signs Missing advance warning signs telling which lane is closed

45. 45 Lane Closure with No Advance Warning Less than 8 feet

46. 46 Distance Between Traffic Signs Note: 30 mph used to differentiate between high and low speeds due to risks involved

47. 47 Tapers – gradual transition to direct traffic from normal paths to designated path, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc. Temporary Traffic Control Components

48. 48 Different Types of Tapers Source: MUTCD Figure 6C-2 and Table 6C-3

49. 49 Formulas for Calculating Taper Lengths Source: MUTCD Table 6C-4

50. 50 Buffer Space (Optional) – lateral and/or longitudinal area that separates traffic from work space, must be free of workers, vehicles, equipment, etc. Temporary Traffic Control Components

51. 51 Why Use a Buffer Space? Easy to accommodate into plan Inexpensive Improves worker safety Provides additional space between work zone and motorists

52. 52 Buffer Space Issues Did not use buffer space Used buffer space but no taper

53. 53 Buffer Space Issues No room for buffer space

54. 54 Termination Area – area used to return to normal path Traffic Space – portion of highway in which road users are routed through the activity area Temporary Traffic Control Components

55. 55 Transition Area – area utilized to move motorists from their normal path Work Space – portion closed to road users – occupied by utility workers, equipment and vehicles. Temporary Traffic Control Components

56. 56 Utility Work Beyond Shoulder SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE * > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway or > 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb where curb and gutter present * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operatingEdge of Roadway Direction of Traffic SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE * > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway or > 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb where curb and gutter present * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operatingEdge of Roadway Direction of Traffic * *

57. 57 Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle(s) Parked on Shoulder SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER * WORK VEHICLE > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway or > 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb where curb and gutter present * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Direction of Traffic SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER * WORK VEHICLE > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway or > 0.6m (2 ft) behind curb where curb and gutter present * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Direction of Traffic * *

58. 58 Utility Work on Shoulder (Low Traffic Volume and Low Speed) SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE * * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Direction of Traffic SHOULDER WORK SITE SHOULDER * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Direction of Traffic 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban ≤ 50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type * * *

59. 59 Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle Parked on Shoulder (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed) SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * 30 m (100 ft) L/3

60. 60 Utility Work Beyond Shoulder with Work Vehicle(s) Parked on Shoulder (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed) SHOULDER POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE * 100 m (350 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE * 100 m * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * 30 m (100 ft) L/3

61. 61 Utility Work on Shoulder with no Encroachment on Roadway (High Traffic Volume and High Speed) SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban-100 m (350 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER * WORK VEHICLE Urban- Rural- WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal) Urban- Rural- Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * L/3

62. 62 Utility Work on Shoulder with No Encroachment on Roadway (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed) SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE * 100 m (350 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE * 100 m * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * L/3

63. 63 Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment (High Traffic Volume and High Speed) SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban-100 m (350 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban- Rural- WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Urban- Rural- Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * L/3

64. 64 Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment on Roadway (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed) SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE * 100 m (350 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER POSSIBLE WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE * 100 m * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Buffer (optional) (nominal) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * L/3

65. 65 Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment (Low Traffic Volume and Low Speed) SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (nominal) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER 3 m (10 ft) minimum * WORK VEHICLE Urban- Rural- WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Downstream Taper (nominal) Urban- Rural- Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * L/3

66. 66 Utility Work on Shoulder with Minor Encroachment or Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road (High Traffic Volume and/or High Speed) SHOULDER 30 m (100 ft) max. * AHEAD WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE Note: Work activity shown depicts shoulder work with minor encroachment Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) Flagger Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic AHEAD SHOULDER 30 m (100 ft) max. * AHEAD WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE Note: Work activity shown depicts shoulder work with minor encroachment Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) Flagger Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Urban: 100 m (350 ft) Rural: 150 m (500 ft) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic AHEAD * *

67. 67 Temporary Road Closure Direction of Traffic * * * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Type III Barricade (Typ.) A AHEAD SHOULDER Police Vehicle with Flashers On (Optional) Police Officer in uniform regulating traffic Police Vehicle with Flashers On (Optional) Police Officer in uniform regulating traffic (Temporary Portable Sign, No Left Turn) (Temporary Portable Sign, No Left Turn) (Temporary Portable Sign, No Right Turn) (Temporary Portable Sign, No Right Turn) * * * *

68. 68 Right Lane Closure on Near Side of Intersection Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic AHEAD * (Optional) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type L A A Buffer (optional) A Lateral Buffer (optional) >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic AHEAD * *

69. 69 Left Lane Closure on Near Side of Intersection Direction of Traffic LEFT L A A * (Optional) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type Buffer (optional) Lateral Buffer (optional) A >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic LEFT * *

70. 70 Right Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes Taller Cone (Typ.) 30 m (100 ft) (optional) Direction of Traffic Buffer (optional) AHEAD A A A A * (Optional) A L WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type Lateral Buffer (optional) >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes Taller Cone (Typ.) 30 m (100 ft) (optional) Direction of Traffic Buffer (optional) AHEAD * *

71. 71 Left Lane Closure on Far Side of Intersection * (Optional) 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating (Optional) L A A A Edge of Roadway A A Lateral Buffer (optional) >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating (Optional) L A A A Edge of Roadway A A Lateral Buffer (optional) >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes Taller Cone (Typ.) 30 m (100 ft) (optional) Direction of Traffic Buffer (optional) LEFT * *

72. 72 Closure in Center of Intersection Direction of Traffic Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) L/2 10’ min L/2 10’ min L/2 10’ min L/2 10’ min * WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE Edge of Roadway 45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph) 15 m (50 ft) =50 km/h (30 mph) L/2 (Taper Length) Speed Limit Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * *

73. 73 Center Lane Closure on a Multi-Lane Road * * * *

74. 74 Lane Closure On Two-Lane Road (Restricted Visibility) WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE A A A AHEAD * A A A * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Lateral Buffer (optional) 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 30 m (100 ft) max. Taller Cone (Typ.) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (Max) Direction of Traffic WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE A A A AHEAD * A A A * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Lateral Buffer (optional) 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 30 m (100 ft) max. Taller Cone (Typ.) Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) (Max) Direction of Traffic * *

75. 75 Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where Traffic cannot self-regulate without the use of Flaggers) SHOULDER * AHEAD ” “ ““ WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE 30 m (100 ft) max Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) ”” Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER AHEAD ” “ ““ WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE 30 m (100 ft) max Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) ”” Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * *

76. 76 Lane Closure on Two-Lane Road with Unrestricted Visibility (Low Traffic Volume, Low Speed where Traffic can self-regulate without the use of Flaggers) SHOULDER * WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE 30 m (100 ft) max Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic SHOULDER WORK VEHICLE WORK SITE 30 m (100 ft) max Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway Buffer (optional) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Lateral Buffer (optional) Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic * * *

77. 77 Utility Work in Center of Road (Low Traffic Volumes) * WORK VEHICLE * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) Urban-30 m (100 ft) Rural-150 m (500 ft) 45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph) 15 m (50 ft) =50 km/h (30 mph) L/2 (Taper Length) Speed Limit 45 m (150 ft)>50 km/h (30 mph) 15 m (50 ft) =50 km/h (30 mph) L/2 (Taper Length) Speed Limit Taller Cone (Typ.) Direction of Traffic 3 m (10 ft) MIN * *

78. 78 Outside Lane Closure on Multi-Lane Road Direction of Traffic Downstream Taper 30 m (100 ft) A A 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type 150 m (500 ft)Rural 100 m (350 ft) Urban >50 km/h (30 mph) 30 m (100 ft) Urban =50 km/h (30 mph) A (Distance Between Signs) Road Type * >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes >50 km/h (30 mph) 290 m (950 ft)2 90 m (300 ft)1 100 m (350 ft)2 30 m (100 ft)1 =50 km/h (30 mph) L (Taper Length) Number of Lanes Closed* Speed *Assume 12’lanes WORK SITE AHEAD * *

79. 79 Tree Cutting/Trimming Shoulder Closure on a Two-Lane Road SHOULDER * A WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE A W Longitudinal Buffer Space (optional) Downstream Taper*** L/3** Lateral Buffer Space (optional) 500Rural 350Urban (High Speed) 100Urban (Low Speed) DISTANCE‘A’BETWEEN SIGNS IN FEET ROAD TYPE DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS ** Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder taper. Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting taper. Taper length is L when there is a merging taper. ***Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet per lane * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway SHOULDER * A WORK SITE WORK VEHICLE A W Longitudinal Buffer Space (optional) Downstream Taper*** L/3** Lateral Buffer Space (optional) 500Rural 350Urban (High Speed) 100Urban (Low Speed) DISTANCE‘A’BETWEEN SIGNS IN FEET ROAD TYPE DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS ** Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder taper. Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting taper. Taper length is L when there is a merging taper. ***Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet per lane * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating Edge of Roadway * *

80. 80 Tree Cutting/Trimming Lane Closure on a Multi-Lane Road A * A W Longitudinal Buffer Space (optional) Downstream Taper*** L** Lateral Buffer Space (optional) A 500Rural 350Urban (High Speed) 100Urban (Low Speed) DISTANCE‘A’BETWEEN SIGNS IN FEET ROAD TYPE DISTANCE BETWEEN SIGNS * Oscillating warning lights or strobe lights operating ** Taper length is L / 3 when there is a shoulder taper. Taper length is L / 2 when there is a shifting taper. Taper length is L when there is a merging taper. ***Optional downstream taper length is 100 feet per lane Edge of Roadway * *

81. 81 Pedestrian Issues Must identify pedestrian needs Should not be forced to enter into work zone Should not be forced to enter into roadway Pedestrian paths must be maintained

82. 82 “When existing pedestrian facilities are disrupted, closed, or relocated in a TTC zone, the temporary facilities shall be detectable and include accessibility features consistent with the features present in the existing pedestrian facility.” Considering Pedestrians Source: MUTCD Section 6D.02

83. 83 Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control

84. 84 Examples of Improper Pedestrian Traffic Control

85. 85 Pedestrian Traffic Control Plans Pedestrian Detour for Sidewalk Closure Pedestrian Diversion for Sidewalk Closure Must be ADA Compliant

86. 86 Sidewalk Detour for Pedestrians U

87. 87 Sidewalk Diversion for Pedestrians V

88. 88 15-Minute Break

89. 89 How do You Select a Proper Traffic Control Plan?

90. 90 Traffic Control Plan Selection Location of utility work Traffic volume of adjacent road Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road Location of lane closure Roadway type

91. 91 Location of Utility Work Beyond the shoulder - > 4.6 m (15 ft) from edge of roadway OR > 0.6 m (2 ft) beyond curb On the shoulder On the roadway Utility Work on Shoulder Utility Work Beyond Shoulder Utility Work on Roadway

92. 92 Volume and Speed of Adjacent Road Traffic volume of adjacent road – low volume or high volume Travel speed of vehicles on adjacent road – low speed ≤ 50 km/hr (30 mph) or high speed >50 km/hr (30 mph)

93. 93 Location of Lane Closure Mid-Block Intersection – right lane on near side, left lane on near side, right lane on far side, left lane on far side, center of intersection

94. 94 Roadway Type Rural vs. Urban Two-Lane vs. Multi-Lane Lane Closure on Rural Two-Lane Road Lane Closure on Urban Multi-Lane Road

95. 95 Case Study – In-Class Exercises

96. 96 Scenario 1 Sterling Heights, MI 17 Mile Road and Ryan Road Electrical repair work in eastbound right lane Speed Limit = 45 mph High Traffic Volume

97. 97 Scenario 1

98. 98 17 Mile Road Ryan Road Scenario 1 Speed Limit = 45 mph High Traffic Volume

99. 99 Scenario 2 Detroit, MI Cass Avenue north of Canfield Street Electrical repair work on northbound shoulder Speed Limit = 35 mph Low Traffic Volume

100. 100 Scenario 2

101. 101 Scenario 2 Cass Avenue Prentis Street

102. 102 Scenario 1 Solution 17 Mile Road Ryan Road

103. 103 Scenario 2 Solution Cass Avenue

104. 104 Demonstration of Software Program “Selection of Utility Work Zone Temporary Traffic Control Plans”

105. 105 Traffic Control Plan Selection Process

106. 106 Traffic Control Plan Selection Process

107. 107 Traffic Control Plan Selection Process

108. 108 Question & Answer

109. 109 Post-Test

110. 110 Course Evaluation