1. Black Freemasons Secret society that many founding fathers were members of. Major American and European movement. One of the few organizations that admitted black members. Rejected membership in Boston due to race, although he was a Patriot. In 1775 was granted a license from a British lodge to create African Lodge No. 1. Prince Hall Masons Post War for Independence, American masonry refused to grant the African Lodge full membership.

2. Origins of Independent Black Churches Biracial churches - Never embraced African Americans as equals Subordinate churches Independent churches Philadelphia between 1780s and early 1800s Episcopalian and Methodist

3. The First Black Schools Early 1700s –Slave and free children –North and South –Ran by white clergy After Revolution –Black people established schools for black children –Produced a growing class of literate African Americans

4. Migration Prince Hall Colonization – Africans migrating back to Africa Petitioned Massachusetts legislature to support colony – supported move to Sierra Leone and Liberia. Paul Cuffe and colonization End the Atlantic slave trade by migration Spread Christianity Refuge for free black people Make profits

5. Slave Uprisings Gabriel’s conspiracy, 1800 American and French Revolution influenced Natural human rights Frightened white southerners Plan for revolt in Va. With white support Two slaves told the authorities of the plan. October Gabriel and 25 others were captured and hanged. Raised hope for freedom among slaves

6. The White Southern Response Legacy of slave uprisings Deepened reactions against equality Feared race war that emancipation would cause Southern states tightened control on black population Outlawed assemblies Placed curfew on slaves and free blacks Made manumissions more difficult Revived slave patrols Became suspicious of outsiders Forcing free black people out of southern states

7. War of 1812 1806 -British troops capture Americans and force them to serve in navy. America tried to invade and take over Canada – resisted by the British and American Indians British troops tried and failed to capture New Orleans and Baltimore.

8. War of 1812 1814 – British troops invade Washington and burn the capitol and Presidents building. Frances Scott Key – National Anthem

9. The War of 1812 White prejudice and fear of black revolts Militia Act of 1792 Eliminated armed black participation in state militias Navy ended black service on warships, 1798 Southern states refused to enlist blacks in 1812 Concerned black men with guns would aid slave revolt Battle of New Orleans – took place a month after the peace treaty had been negotiated.

10. Missouri Statehood Missouri applies for statehood, 1819 Eleven free and Eleven slave states Tallmadge Amendment accepted in house, rejected in senate Proposed gradual emancipation, age 25 African-American crowd galleries to hear debates Southern threats of secession

11. The Missouri Compromise Compromise to keep political balance Northern states afraid of southern majority in congress Henry Clay – the Great Compromiser Missouri enters US as a slave state Maine separates from Mass. Enters as a free state. Slavery banned north of 36º30´, allowed to the south

12. Missouri Compromise

13. Cool Down What effect do you think the 36º30´ line created by the Mo. Compromise had on North and South relations?