1. Powering the World with Clean Energy Reliable Renewables: wind, solar and hybrid solutions Preliminary Assessment of Promising Island Candidates for Detailed Wind Resource Measurement IRENA Forum 2015 Martinique 22-24 June 2015

2. 2 Subsidiaries RE plants 25 YEARS’ experience on REMOTE and INSULAR areas 1992: first hybrid system 40 WIND & PV plants installed on islands worldwide 5 continents - 35 countries 4 subsidiaries of maintenance and local partners VERGNET group: a history made in islands

3. 3 Preliminary Assessment of Promising Island Candidates for Detailed Wind Resource Measurement Wind: a promising resource for most islands Overview of the wind resource worldwide Specificities of “trade winds” regime Addressing the cyclonic risk (and logistical issues) Detailed panorama of wind resources in islands Suggested criteria for potential candidates

4. 4 Wind : a promising resource in most of islands  MESO data (AWS, IRENA, MERRA,…) demonstrate good wind potential, with 6 m/s at 50 m AGL in most regions.  Wind measurement already completed or under way in many islands Wind potential in islands

5. 5 Specificities of the "Trade winds" regime Opportunities :  Distribution : focus around 6-8 m/s  Very directional wind rose : > Wind opportunity is a "no-brainer" for most islands CaribbeanIndian OceanPacific Ocean Wind potential in islands

6. 6 Caribbean : the most active cyclonic region in the world 1940-2014: Category 5 cyclones impacts Specificities of the "Trade winds" regime : Wind potential in islands

7. 7 Indian Ocean 1940-2014: Category 4 and 5 cyclones impacts Specificities of the "Trade winds" regime : Wind potential in islands

8. 8 1940-2014: Category 4 and 5 cyclones impacts Pacific Ocean Specificities of the "Trade winds" regime : Wind potential in islands

9. 9 Addressing the hurricane risk :  GEV MP-C 275 kW  Tilting design  Resistance to Category 5 hurricane (72 m/s average 1 min at 10 m AGL)  323 units in operation in cyclone-prone regions worldwide March 2015: Devil’s point wind farm Vanuatu undamaged after cyclone Pam. Winds up to 320 km/h Wind potential in islands

10. 10 Addressing the logistics issue Wind potential in islands

11. 11 Detailed panorama of Island Wind resources ISLANDREGION Satellite speed (m/s) Wind mast? Wind project completed? Cook IslandsPacific2,8Y FijiPacific4,6Y GuamPacific4,6 Y Y (in construction) KiribatiPacific5,9N Papua New GuineaPacific6N Marshall IslandsPacific YN FS MicronesiaPacific4,1 NauruPacific6N New CaledoniaPacific4,6 Y Y NiuePacificN Northern Mariana IslandsPacific4,6 PalauPacific1,5 PolynesiaPacific4,3 SamoaPacific3,3 Y Y Solomon IslandsPacific4N Timor-LestePacific6,5N TongaPacific4,6 Y N TuvaluPacificN VanuatuPacific5,9Y AnguillaCaribbean7N Antigua and BarbudaCaribbean7,2YN ArubaCaribbean10YY BahamasCaribbean4,5YY BarbadosCaribbean7,1YN BelizeCaribbean6,6?N BonaireCaribbeanYY British Virgin IslandsCaribbean6,6N Cayman IslandsCaribbean 6,5 ?N ISLANDREGION Satellite speed (m/s)Wind mast? Wind project completed? CubaCaribbean5,2YY CuracaoCaribbeanYY DominicaCaribbean7,5?N Dominican RepublicCaribbean6,2YY GrenadaCaribbean7,7YN GuadeloupeCaribbeanYY GuyanaCaribbean4,8?N Guyana (Fr)CaribbeanYY HaitiCaribbean5,2YN JamaicaCaribbean9,6YY MartiniqueCaribbean 7 YY MontserratCaribbean7,3NN Puerto RicoCaribbean7,2YY Saint Kitts and NevisCaribbean7,1YY Saint LuciaCaribbean7,7YN Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesCaribbean8,3YN SurinameCaribbean4,9?N Trinidad and TobagoCaribbean6,9NN Turks & CaicosCaribbean 6,6 N United States Virgin IslandsCaribbean6,3YN Cape VerdeAIMS5,9Y ComorosAIMS6,7 MaldivesAIMS2,0 MauritiusAIMS5,9Y SeychellesAIMS2,0 Y Y

12. 12 Wind energy is appropriate, already adopted by 40 % of the listed islands 34 % of the countries listed have good wind resource potential, but no wind project developped. Why ?  Land availability  Financing of smaller projects  Taking the initial risk  Maximum risk during the project pre-development  Investors exist, but lack of Investors able to take the pre-development risk Support in financing feasibility and wind resource estimation can be decisive for small- medium scale wind projects. Wind potential in islands

13. 13 Potential candidates for wind measurements or pilot projects Land Availability :  Land rights, compliant with aviation, weather authorities  Compliant with distance to habitations : a viable project must be approved by the community. Wind resource :  Minimum 6 m/s @ 50 m on mesoscale data, extrapolation from neighboring masts or masts from the same territory Sufficient load and relevant project size :  Future project should have a sufficient critical size :  to attract investors once developed  To actually contribute to reducing island’s fuel consumption  Consider Pilot projects as first phase of future project :  Wind technology is mature  Turbine model preferably identical to those of the future wind farm (ex : Success story Vanuatu, 1 pilot then added + 10 + 2 identical turbines) Suggested criteria

14. 14 Country readiness for wind power :  Enabling environment: existing energy roadmap, favorable energy framework, existing preliminary studies, wind map …  Clear intent for wind development at all stakeholder’s level. Wind is not an a priori choice, but will to do is necessary. Multi-island countries :  Highly dependent on fossil fuel generation  Increased costs due to double insularity  Electricity rates subsidized : cost for Utility Countries with wind already deployed but with potential for extension :  Already available data allow for shorter measurement campaign to validate a new site (ex: LIDAR)  Local competencies already available on site Potential candidates for wind measurements or pilot projects Suggested criteria

15. 15 Thank you Istvan Ponsot – i.ponsot@vergnet.fri.ponsot@vergnet.fr