1. Chromatography
Year 12

2. Chromatography
Separation technique that relies on the affinity of components of a mixture to:-
A Mobile Phase
A Stationary Phase
All types of chromatography rely on this
Paper chromatography
thin layer chromatography,
high performance liquid chromatography,
gas chromatography

3. Chromatography Mobile Phase Stationary Phase
This is the phase that is a carrier for the components as they travel through the stationary phase
Stationary Phase
This is the phase that is stationary!!

4. Types of Chromatography
Paper Chromatography
Thin layer chromatography (TLC)
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Gas Chromatography (GC)
there are more

5. Paper Chromatography Basic technique Stationary Phase – Paper
Mobile Phase – Usually water
Sample preparation
Good for separating water soluble inks
Limited types of mobile phases can be used therefore limit to what can be separated
Can be slower
Detection – naked eye or UV light

6. Thin Layer Chromatography
Improvement on paper technique
Stationary Phase – silica or alumina based
Acidic, basic, neutral
Mobile Phase – solvents (varied polarities)
Good for:-
Monitoring progress of a reaction
Identification of components in a mixture
Purity determination
Conditions for column separation techniques
Semi-quantative
Can be quicker than paper – phases
Detection – UV light, chemical spray, iodine tank

8. Rf Values (retention factor)
Distance travelled by component
Distance travelled by mobile phase
Specific to each plate
Comparable
Each component on plate has unique Rf value

9. High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Mobile phase – solvents/water/mixes
Stationary phases – silica based/many types for certain applications
Sample preparation
Precise injection volumes
Composition/flow of mobile phase controlled
Oven temperature
Widely used in analytical laboratories
Quantify components – non volatile mixtures
Retention times

10. Gas Chromatography Mobile phase – unreactive gas (helium, nitrogen)
Stationary phases – polymer or liquid on an inert solid support
Sample preparation
Precise injection volumes
Temperature/gas flow control
Widely used in analytical laboratories
Quantify components – volatile mixtures
Retention times

11. Columns

12. Data collection software
Column oven
Detector
Autosampler
Injector

13. Injector
Data collection software
Autosampler
Detector
Column oven
Keypad

14. Applications in Pharma Industry

15. Chromatogram

16. The Future
Predictive software
Screening
Saving resources