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The Reformation. I. Intellectual changes in Europe, 1500 -

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Presentation on theme: "The Reformation. I. Intellectual changes in Europe, 1500 -"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Reformation

2 I. Intellectual changes in Europe, 1500 -

3 A. Print Revolution Gutenberg

4 1.Christian Humanism 2.Renaissance Humanism 3.Exploration / Age of Discovery 4.Millennialism

5 II. The Protestant Reformation Revolution and Reaction

6 A. Church status 1. Renaissance 2. Simony, Pluralism, Nepotism 3. Indulgences

7 4. Pilgrimages - Enhanced spirituality

8 B. Martin Luther 1483-1546 1. 95 Theses Oct. 30, 1517 taking it to the streets

9 2. Luther’s guilt complex - Law & Grace - Paul: “The Just shall live by Faith” Galatians

10 C. 3 Tenets of Faith 1. Sola Fide - Salvation by Faith Alone 2. Sola Scriptura - Literal interpretation of the Bible 3. Priesthood of All Believers

11 D. Luther to Lutheranism 1. Class and religion - Swabian Peasant Revolt 1520s - Appeal to merchant/urban classes “Protestant Work Ethic” capitalism / calling

12 2. Women and Protestantism - alternative to convents - education Katharine von Bora

13 3. Appeal to the nobility - Papacy and HRE were human institutions

14 1520 - Appeal to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation * Luther links religious identity with national identity

15 4. The Diet of Worms 1521 - HRE Charles V - Frederick “The Wise” of Saxony

16

17 III. Reformation of the Radicals, 1530s - The Democratization of Christianity

18 A. Task of the New Reformers 1.Systematization - Reformation of Roman Church not possible - build a new set of institutions 2. Reform of society and religion

19 B. Geneva and John Calvin 1. 1536 - Swiss vote to become Protestant 2. John Calvin - The Institutes of the Christian Religion

20 C. Reform (Calvinist) Theology 1.Predestination - Grace was free gift, but not always accepted 2. Theocracy? - only the elect should govern church/society - experimental societies (Utopias)

21 D. The Ghost of John Calvin 1.Problem of Predestination 2.Puritanism -Moderation -Low Church

22 3. Conversion process - personal redemption - social/political reform 4. Rise of modern capitalism

23 5. Intolerance / paranoia - world full of secular, civil enemies - “democratic” Christianity prone to hysteria

24 E. Anabaptists 1.Rejection of society - communalism

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