1. Lesson Starter Can you remember the Five Giants of poverty? Write them down- without looking back at your notes! What is meant by the term ‘welfare state?’

2. What will I learn? What is meant by the term ‘welfare state’. The reasons why the UK adopted a welfare state. The Five Giants. The founding principles of the Welfare State. Different type of welfare state.

3. Success Criteria Define the term ‘welfare state’. Explain the background to the creation of the welfare state. List and describe the Beveridge’s Five Giants. Outline the founding principles of the welfare state. Outline the three different models of the Welfare state.

4. What is a Welfare State? ‘A ‘welfare state’ is a system under which the government takes on responsibility for providing social and economic security for the population by means of pensions, social security benefits, free health care and free education. The government provides for people in times of need.

5. The British Welfare State was set up after 1945 to tackle the terrible poverty of that timeThe British Welfare State was set up after 1945 to tackle the terrible poverty of that time. It was based on the findings of a report published by academic William Beveridge. The Beveridge Report of 1942 stated that social welfare in the UK should tackle the five “Giant Evils” of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness. Founding Principles of the Welfare State

6. Individualist or Collectivist? Prefer private providers of health, education. An individual seems to be responsible for their situation, for example by smoking, drinking too much or eating a poor diet, they argue that this is caused by poor life chances. They believe that the ‘nanny state’ is expensive and inefficient. Public Private Finance. Smoking ban, free prescriptions, minimum pricing on alcohol.

7. To tackle the five ‘Giant Evils’ the Beveridge Report called for: Universal benefits that would cover old age, unemployment and sickness A comprehensive health service Vastly expanded public sector housing Free and universal secondary education Full employment Founding Principles of the Welfare State

8. The Welfare State was based on four principles. It was to be: Collectivist Universal Comprehensive Equal (Provide a service from the ‘cradle to the grave’) Founding Principles of the Welfare State

9. Collectivist The state would fund the services needed. Raise funds through NI contributions. The treasury decides the level of pensions and benefits and succeeding governments decide on the levels of investment. People on the right of the political spectrum believe that too much money is spent on the NHS and dislike high taxation. Prefer Individualist approach. People on the left believe that the NHS does not do enough to help vulnerable groups such as women and ethnic minorities. Prefer Collectivist approach.

10. Universal Provide a range of services for the whole population that was free at the point of need. Mostly remained this way. However not applied across all provisions- charges for dental care, prescriptions (England) etc.

11. Comprehensive The state would undertake to provide for all aspects of need. Slay the five giants. Improve health - NHS was taking responsibility for all aspects of the nation’s health care. Tackling poverty- challenging in the current economic climate. Therefore at the moment…not as comprehensive as Beveridge intended.

12. Equal The aim of the Welfare State for equal provision for all people in all regions and areas. However ‘post-code’ lottery of services. Homework: Look up a news story which relates to changes to the Welfare State.

13. Devised in the 1940s, the Welfare State was once held up as a model for other countries. The UK’s comprehensive system aimed for ‘cradle to grave’ social protection. Its founding principles of universal provision and flat rate contributions were widely praised. But its principles were never fully realised. Over time, other countries have produced more comprehensive welfare systems which have proved better at tackling poverty.The UK’s comprehensive system aimed for ‘cradle to grave’ social protection. Founding Principles of the Welfare State

14. Aneurin Bevan

15. Lesson Starter For each of the following voting systems, state the specific election where the system is used and state the titles of the representatives elected (e.g. MSPs) 1.FPTP 2.STV 3.AMS

16. Group Activity How relevant is the welfare state today? UniversalComprehensive EqualCollectivist In each box, brainstorm ideas which suggest that the principles of the Welfare State haven't been fully met.

17. UniversalComprehensive EqualCollectivist Use the hand out to complete the table. Use the notes in the hand out to show how the principles of the Welfare State have not been met.

18. Lesson Starter The principles of the welfare state are no longer relevant today. Give two pieces of evidence to back up this statement.

19. What will I learn? I am learning to understand the different welfare state models.

20. Success Criteria Outline the three different models of the Welfare state.

21. Different Welfare State Models Social policy analysts place Western welfare systems into one of three types: the ‘corporatist model’, ‘the social democratic model’ or ‘the liberal model’. The corporatist model is typical of Europe (France, Germany, etc.). It is work-orientated being based on individual contributions. Features: Companies and unions as partners Work-based benefits Emphasis on social solidarity Key role for voluntary sector

22. The social democratic model, found mainly in Scandinavia, stresses universal values and is paid for by taxation. Features: Universal benefits from state High benefits and high taxes Active employment policies Different Welfare State Models

23. The liberal model found in the UK and US is based on a clear distinction between deserving and undeserving poor, with limits on benefit payments to potential workers. Features: Deserving v. undeserving poor Limited benefits and low taxes Encouragement to stay in work Use of private sector if possible Different Welfare State Models

24. War over Welfare Paired Reading 1.Work in pairs. 2.Label yourselves ‘A’ and ‘B’ 3.You will be given an article to read. 4.Read the first part on your own. 5.‘A’ then describes what they have read to ‘B’, and so on. 6.Take notes/ highlight whilst reading.

25. Lesson Starter The Liberal Model does not allow the principles of the Welfare State to be fully met. Give two pieces of evidence to back up this statement.