1. MR. PACE Animal Anatomy and Physiology

2. At the completion of this unit, students will be able to: A. Describe the organs, function, and common diseases associated with the skeletal and muscular systems B. Describe the organs, function, and common diseases in the respiratory system C. Describe the organs, function, and common associated diseases in the digestive system D. Describe the organs, function, and common associated diseases in the circulatory system E. Describe the organs, function, and common diseases associated with the endocrine and excretory system F. Describe the organs, function, and common diseases associated with the integumentary and nervous system G. Describe the organs, function, and common diseases associated with the immune and reproductive systems.

3. What’s Anatomy and Physiology?? Anatomy:  Structure of a plant or an animal Physiology:  Functions of living organisms and their parts. You must know what “normal” Functioning is to recognize the abnormal

4. Skeletal System Purpose  Provide Structure and Function to the body Made up of:  Bones  Cartilage  Connective Tissue (tendons and ligaments)

5. Skeletal System Axial Skeleton  Head  Spinal Column  Ribs Appendicular Skeleton  Limbs

6. Skeletal System Short Bone – cube shaped, found by joints and give flexibility  i.e. carpus and tarsus Flat Bone – plate of bone, usually protect vital organs  i.e. scapula, rib, skull Irregular Bone – complex shaped  i.e. Vertebrae Sesamoid – small, seed – shaped bone  i.e. proximal and distal sesamoids, patella Long Bone – bone is longer than it is wide  i.e. femur, tibia, humerus, etc

7. Skeletal System

8. Bone Anatomy Bone marrow Endosteum Medullar y cavity

9. Skeletal System Problems Fractures

10. Skeletal System Problems Fractures Cause: Injury Symptoms: lameness, malformation of limb Cure:  Low (er) cost = Splints & Casts  High cost = Surgery

11. Skeletal System Problems Fractures

12. Skeletal System Problems Fracture Repair

13. Skeletal System Problems Hip Dysplasia Cause: Genetic, Large breed dogs most prone Symptoms: Lameness, as young as 6-12 months old, reluctant to rise or jump Cure:  Low(er) cost = Arthritis medication to control pain  High Cost = Surgery

14. Skeletal System Problems Hip Dysplasia Normal HipYoung dog with early signs of hip dysplasia Older dog with severe hip dysplasia

15. Skeletal System Problems Osteosarcoma Cause: Unknown, but giant breeds are extra prone Symptoms: Lameness, abnormal shape to affected area (bone tumor) Cure:  Amputation, chemotherapy  No good cure

16. Skeletal System Problems Osteosarcoma

17. Skeletal System Problems Cruciate Ligament Tear Cause: Injury Symptoms: Lameness Cure:  Surgery  AKA: ACL Repair (in humans)

18. Skeletal System Problems Cruciate Ligament Tear http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jg9E2 nBt_E http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4nU2 QZjjByg

19. Skeletal System Problems Arthritis Cause: Age (previous injuries increase chances of arthritis significantly) Symptoms: Lameness, difficulty getting up and down Cure:  Anti inflammatory meds

20. Muscular System Purpose:  Move the Skeleton  Proper Organ Function  Meat Made up of:  Skeletal Muscle: Movement  Cardiac Muscle: Heart  Smooth Muscle: Organs

21. Muscular System Classifications of Muscle:  Voluntary: Movement is made by choice  Involuntary: Movement happens automatically

22. Muscular System Muscle Movement:

23. Muscular System Masseter Brachiocephalicus Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi External abdominal oblique Gluteals Biceps femoris Intercostal Triceps brachi Deltoid Pectorals Semitendinous Gastrocnemius

24. Muscular System Problems Sprains Cause: Injury Symptoms: Lameness Cure:  Rest  Anti inflammatory meds

25. Respiratory System Purpose:  Provide Oxygen to blood  Expel Carbon Dioxide  Regulates Temperature………??  Dogs and cats pant to cool down because they can’t sweat Made up of: Nasal Cavity Trachea Lungs, Bronchi, Bronchioles Alveoli

26. Respiratory System

27. Upper Respiratory System

28. Respiratory System Lower Respiratory System

29. Respiratory System Problems Upper Respiratory Infection Cause: Bacteria or Virus Symptoms: Runny Nose, Sneezing Cure:  Antibiotics  **Very common in kittens

30. Respiratory System Problems Bordetella Cause: Virus Symptoms: Coughing Prevention: Vaccine Cure:  Antibiotics can help symptoms but viruses have to run their course

31. Respiratory System Problems Reverse Sneeze Cause: Nasal, Pharyngeal, or sinus irritation OR brachycephalic skulls Symptoms: Rapid forced inhalation through the nose, snorting and gagging Cure:  Cover the dogs nose so it has to breath through their mouth and sallow http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0IszRBYxsGI

32. Digestive System Purpose:  Convert food into energy to live and grow Made up of:  Mouth, teeth, esophagus  Stomach  Intestines  Glands producing digestive enzymes

33. Monogastric Ruminant Digestive System

34. Monogastric  Simple stomach  One comartment  Pig  Horse  Dog  Cat

35. Digestive System Ruminants:  One Stomach  4 compartments  Cattle  Sheep  Goats  Deer/Elk/Moose  Giraffes

36. Digestive System Problems Foreign Body “Garbage Gut” Cause: Ingesting foreign material Symptoms: Vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy Cure:  Surgery to remove foreign body What does your pet think tastes good?

37. Foreign Body “Garbage Gut”

38. Digestive System Problems Case Study…. Herbie, a 5-year-old, neutered basset hound, presented with a 2-day history of lethargy and intermittent vomiting. The owner had noticed a small number of pebbles in the vomitus. On physical examination, palpation revealed a slightly painful abdomen and a bean bag–like feel to the cranioventral abdomen. Abdominal radiography revealed a large amount of mineral-density, radiopaque material in the stomach, with diffuse gas and additional mineral-density opacities in areas of the intestines and colon

39. Digestive System Problems Case Study…..

40. During gastrostomy, 2 lb of pea gravel was removed! The owner later discovered that a family member had emptied a pan of grease on some outdoor gravel, and Herbie did what any red-blooded dog would do. Herbie recovered normally from surgery and is back to being the perfect basset hound

41. Digestive System Problems Obesity Cause: Over-eating, no exercise, table scraps Symptoms: Overweight Cure: Strict diet and exercise

42. Digestive System Problems Obesity What’s the danger?  Arthritis  Diabetes  Pancreatitis  Etc  VideoVideo Video

43. Obesity