1. Municipal Waste as a Viable Fuel
Dr Robert Eden
Technical Director
PT NOEI

2. CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
GALFAD - An Integrated Waste Disposal Concept
Anaerobic digestion
Landfill gas utilisation
Thermal waste treatment
           
1992- Company founded
1994- Full scale pilot plant built at Finham
1997- Successful trials on variety of wastes and emissions completed at Finham
1998- Tests of feed mechanisms at Bristol
1999- Funding secured for commercial plant
2000- Building and construction of first commercial plant
2001- May- Start of commercial operations on MSW
2001- August- Clinical waste processing starts

3. An integrated waste management system
GALFAD
GALFAD
An integrated waste management system

4. GA – Gasification (pyrolysis) LF – LandFill gas
GALFAD
GA – Gasification (pyrolysis)
LF – LandFill gas
AD – Anaerobic digestion

5. MSW PATHWAY OPTIONS

6. Wet- waste to anaerobic digestion Dry-waste to pyrolysis
GALFAD
Separation
Wet- waste to anaerobic digestion
Dry-waste to pyrolysis
Bio-solids to compost
Biogas and syngas to electricity

7. SEPARATION

8. SEPARATION

9. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

10. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Anaerobic digestion is a biological process for converting organic materials into a combustible gas
It normally takes place in a wet environment and in the absence of any air
Organic materials are broken down to produce methane and carbon dioxide

11. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

12. LANDFILL GAS UTILISATION
Puchong LFS -Malaysia

13. Landfill gas power station
Xing Feng LFS - China

14. Fuel skids

15. PYROLYSIS / GASIFICATION

16. PROCESS DESCRIPTION

17. PROCESS DESCRIPTION Feed Preparation Pyrolysis Gasification Oxidation
Energy
Recovery
Flue Gas
Clean Up
materials recovery
Boiler
Sodium
Bicarbonate
WASTE
cyclonic
separator
particulates
>10 microns
bypass
damper
Bag Filter
compacting
air lock
Condenser
Turbine
Ammonia
1250°C
DeNOx
Catalyst
Electricity
Heat
Stack
air
bottom
ash
steam
Fuel
(warm-up
only)
air
carbon
recycling

18. General layout of an MT2 unit
Waste Heat Boiler
Waste Feed
Pyrolysis Tubes
Emissions
Abatement
Thermal Oxidation
Pyrolysis & Gasification

19. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Typical results for clinical, pharmaceutical and other wastes
mg/Nm3
11% 273K & 101.3kPa
EU Directive
Limits
s: spot / d:daily ½ hour
Compact Power
Particulates
10 (d) 30
0.2
VOC’s as carbon 20
Trace
NO (NO + NO2)
200 (d)
400
<37
HCl 60 2 HF
1 (d) 4
<0.1
SO2
50 (d)
200
< 2.5 CO
150
Cd & Tl
0.05 (s)
0.006
Mercury
Pb Cr Cu Mn Ni As Sb Co V Sn
0.5 (s)
Dioxins TEQ ng/Nm3
0.1 (s)
<0.003
N2O
30 (d)
NH3
< 1

20. ACCEPTABLE WASTE TYPES
refuse derived fuel
(RDF)
clinical waste
municipal solid waste
(MSW)
dried sludge
shredded tyres
commercial waste

21. Summary
Every site is unique
Of critical importance is the specific waste composition and in particular the moisture content
100 tonnes per day of feedstock (typically 175 tonnes per day of waste) will generate 2.5 MW of power

22. GALFAD