1. Imperialism and Colonization
By Nick Davis and Darryl Lipson

2. Definitions
Nationalism: a movement in which the people demand recognition as a full-fledged nation, capable of self- government
Invest: to put money into a company in order to make a profit
Hydrography: the science of mapping waterways
Civilize: to raise a primitive society to a superior level

3. Definitions
Discrimination: treating a certain group of people inferiorly based on certain characteristics
Philanthropists: a person who loves human kind and does activities to improve the quality of human life
Pact: a contract or agreement to trade only with the mother country an its colonies

4. Definitions Spoils: goods or property seized by a victor in war times
Imperialism: extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies
Free trade: trade between countries, free from government restrictions or duties

5. Definitions Colonization: to establish a colony in a foreign country
Acculturation: adopting another culture and losing one’s original culture
Samory Toure: a military chief of his people who tried to gain control over Africa from white colonies

6. Definitions
Raw materials: Natural resources that are processed into finished goods
Missionaries: someone who is sent out to convert people to Christianity
Colony: territory ruled by another country

7. Definitions
Decolonization: to allow a colony to become self governing or independent
Evangelization: To convert to Christianity

8. Imperialism Facts
Europeans had 3 different motives for colonizing Africa:
1.Economic Motives- In 1850 half the worlds manufacturing was in Europe. European countries could transport and export goods but they needed cheap raw goods, new markets to sell to and new companies to invest in to make more profits.

9. 2. Political motives: All European countries wanted to increase their influence and expand production. This means they wanted to control more countries.
3. Social motives: European countries wanted to get rid of excess population. The poor looked at colonizing as a way to improve their living conditions. (50 million Europeans emigrated to the colonies at that time)

10. Exploration of Africa Africa’s resources were (raw goods):
-Minerals (Gold, diamonds, copper)
-Ivory
-Rubber
-Wood
-Good climate to grow coffee, cotton, sugar cane, peanuts, pepper and different spices

11. African’s did not consent to the Europeans to explore their country and export their resources. Unfortunately they did not have adequate weapons or an army to resist them.

12. The Berlin Conference
This was the race for European countries to take possession and control Africa, called the “scramble for Africa”.
In 1884 European countries came together to divide control of Africa between them.
King Leopold II of Belgium was given control of the Congo as his own. Africans were slaves and treated badly by him. He left Congo in his will to Belgium when he died and it became a Belgian colony in 1908

13. The rules made by the conference:
Free trade in Africa
Use of Congo and Niger rivers for shipping by everyone
Slavery was prohibited
Importing weapons into Africa was prohibited
A country must occupy permanent residency if they take over a region to protect it
This conference created 50 states in Africa

14. Discrimination
Superiority by Europeans was promoted in Newspapers, flyers and even school textbooks. Europeans promoted racial discrimination against Africans.
Africans were “hired” by force to work to extract raw resources, build railways, canals, and roads for transporting goods out of the country. Even though slavery was prohibited they were treated like slaves.

15. Europeans exported all raw goods out of Africa to do the manufacturing in Europe. This left Africans with only Plantation and mining jobs.
Missionaries went to Africa to educate these “inferior races”. They wanted to civilize them, and teach them about Christianity (evangelization). They called this the “white man’s burden” because they felt it was their duty.
Samory Toure was a militant chief who tried to lead armies to resist the Europeans.
By 1914 the French and British ran 2/3 of the country.
Mother countries decolonized their colonies giving them independence.
Europeans exploited Africans for their labour and raw goods. They got rich off of Africans.

16. Economic effects of Imperialism
-Europe made profits while Africa remained poor
-The industrialized countries owned all the manufacturing leaving Africa with no manufacturing structure
-African colonies were acculturated – they adopted the European culture of the mother country and lost their own
-Africans did learn European languages which did help them get some support from colonies
-Europeans carved up the African continent into regions with out paying attention to the different nations frontiers that were already there
-Europeans still had international conflicts over possession of land even after the Berlin conference

17. Study Questions

18. 1. What are some examples of racial discrimination?
Africans treated as slaves, promoting superiority, etc…
2 What is decolonization?
It is when a colony demands it’s independence from the mother country.
3 Where was more then half the worlds manufacturing in the 19th century?
In Europe.

19. 4. What were some of the raw materials the Europeans exported from Africa?
Minerals, wood, cotton, coffee, rubber, spices, etc…
5. What were two examples of Europeans showing and teaching that they where the superior race?
Promoting superiority in textbooks for students, slavery, missionaries evangelizing Africans, etc..

20. 6. Why would Europeans use hydrography?
To map out shipping routes along major waterways to export raw goods out of Africa.
7. What were the economic motives for Europeans to colonize Africa?
European countries could transport and export goods but they needed cheap raw goods, new markets to sell to and new companies to invest in to make more profits.

21. 8. What were the political motives for Europeans to colonize Africa?
All European countries wanted to increase their influence and expand production. This means they wanted to control more countries.
9. What were the social motives for Europeans to colonize Africa?
European countries wanted to get rid of excess population. The poor looked at colonizing as a way to improve their living conditions.

22. 10. What does acculturation mean?
When a culture adopts another culture and loses their original culture.
11. Who was King Leopold II and what did he have to do with Africa?
King Leopold II of Belgium was given control of the Congo as his own by the conference in Berlin. Africans in the Congo were slaves and treated badly by him. He left Congo in his will to Belgium when he died and it became a Belgian colony in 1908.

23. 12. Name 3 of the 6 rules that were created by the Berlin Conference.
Free trade in Africa
Use of Congo and Niger rivers for shipping by everyone
Slavery was prohibited
Importing weapons into Africa was prohibited
A country must occupy permanent residency if they take over a region to protect it
This conference created 50 states in Africa
13. Why did European countries create pacts with their colonies?
So that the profits would go directly to the mother country.

24. 15. Name 3 out of the 6 economic effects Imperialism had on Africa.
14. Who was Samory Toure?
He was a militant chief that belonged to the Malinke people. He fought to gain control of Africa from the white Europeans.
15. Name 3 out of the 6 economic effects Imperialism had on Africa.
-Europe made profits while Africa remained poor
-The industrialized countries owned all the manufacturing leaving Africa with no manufacturing structure
-African colonies were acculturated – they adopted the European culture of the mother country and lost their own
-Africans did learn European languages which did help them get some support from colonies
-Europeans carved up the African continent into regions with out paying attention to the different nations frontiers that were already there
-Europeans still had international conflicts over possession of land even after the Berlin conference

25. 16. By 1914, which two countries had colonized and “owned” 2/3 of the African continent?
France and Great Britain.
17. What is the definition of Imperialism?
Extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies.
18. Why was the relationship between European countries and African colonies considered exploitation?
It was exploitation because Africans never gave permission for Europeans to take their raw goods, make them work for nothing and take all the profits.

26. 19. What does “white man’s burden” mean?
It means that Europeans felt it was their Christian duty to civilize and educate Africans.
20. When Europeans left Africa, what did they leave African’s with?
They left them with no manufacturing structure for their raw goods, they took away their culture and left them as a third world country still today.