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The EINSTEIN EXT Study 'Xarelto' for the Long-Term Prevention of Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism
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Persistent Threat of VTE Recurrence Patients who experience a thromboembolic event are at continued risk of recurrent VTE This risk of recurrence is highest in the first 6–12 months after the initial episode, and may continue for as long as 10 years 1 Recurrent episodes are observed in >20% of patients 12 months after discontinuation of anticoagulation 2 Long-term treatment of VTE is an important factor in preventing recurrent events 1. Heit et al, 2000; 2. Kearon et al, 1999 Cumulative event rate of recurrent VTE after discontinuation of therapy in patients with unprovoked VTE 2 Cumulative event rate 40 Time after discontinuation (months) 30 20 10 0 0 4812162024 >20% of patients had a recurrence within 12 months of discontinuing 3 months’ warfarin treatment Point of treatment discontinuation
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'Xarelto': Simple and Effective Single-Drug Approach for VTE Treatment 'Xarelto' is fast-acting and has minimal drug–drug interactions 1 'Xarelto' has no need for routine monitoring or frequent dose adjustment 1 1. Perzborn et al, 2011; 2. Kubitza et al, 2013 'Xarelto' acts as fast as enoxaparin and can be given at the initiation of DVT and PE treatment 'Xarelto' exerts similar pharmacodynamic effects to enoxaparin 2 40 30 20 10 0 0 4812162024 Anti-Factor Xa activity (ng/ml enoxaparin) Time (hours) Enoxaparin (n=10) 'Xarelto' (n=11)
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The EINSTEIN EXT Study Design Compared 'Xarelto' (as a once-daily 20 mg dose) with placebo for the long-term prevention of recurrent symptomatic VTE Patients enrolled were those for whom the decision to continue or stop treatment was unclear, and who had previously received anticoagulation with 'Xarelto' or a VKA Primary efficacy outcome: symptomatic recurrent VTE (composite of recurrent DVT, non-fatal PE or fatal PE) Principal safety outcome: major bleeding The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010 Confirmed symptomatic DVT or PE completing 6–12 months of 'Xarelto' or VKA in the EINSTEIN programme N=1197 Placebo Predefined treatment period of 6 or 12 months 'Xarelto' 20 mg od R 30-day observation period Confirmed symptomatic DVT or PE completing 6–12 months of VKA ~53% ~47% Day 1
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Effective Long-Term Treatment Matters ITT population; *some patients had more than one event The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010 Time to event (days) 10 5 2 1 Cumulative event rate (%) 3 4 9 6 7 8 0 0306090120150180210240270300330360 HR=0.184; p<0.0001 (superiority) RRR=82% 'Xarelto' N=602 Placebo N=594 'Xarelto' showed a relative risk reduction of 82% 'Xarelto' (N=602)Placebo (N=594) n(%)n Symptomatic recurrent VTE*8(1.3)42(7.1) Recurrent DVT5(0.8)31(5.2) Non-fatal PE2(0.3)13(2.2) Fatal PE001(0.2) Unexplained death (where PE cannot be excluded) 1(0.2)00
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'Xarelto' (N=598) Placebo (N=590) p-value n(%)n Major bleeding4(0.7) 0 00.11 Bleeding contributing to death0000 Bleeding in a critical site0000 Associated with fall in haemoglobin 2 g/dl and/or transfusion 4(0.7)00 Gastrointestinal bleeding3(0.5)00 Menorrhagia1(0.2)00 Major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding 36(6.0)7(1.2)<0.001 Clinically relevant non-major bleeding32(5.4)7(1.2) Safety Matters: No Significant Increase in Major Bleeding Safety population The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010
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ITT population 'Xarelto' (N=602)Placebo (N=594) n(%)n Cardiovascular outcomes 4(0.7)4 STEMI 1(0.2)00 Unstable angina 3(0.5)1(0.2) Transient ischaemic attack 001(0.2) Ischaemic stroke 001(0.2) Non-CNS systemic embolism 001(0.2) Total mortality 1(0.2)2(0.3) PE, or unexplained death where PE cannot be excluded 1(0.2)1 Cancer001(0.2) Safety Matters: Low Rates of Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010
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'Xarelto' (N=602), % Placebo (N=594), % HR (95% CI)p-value Net clinical benefit* 2.07.10.28 (0.15–0.53)<0.001 Favourable Benefit–Risk Balance Matters The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010 *Defined as the composite of the primary efficacy outcome and major bleeding A total of 34 recurrent events were prevented, at the cost of 4 major bleeding events RRR 72% (p<0.001) 7.1 2.0
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'Xarelto': Simple Sustained Protection from Hospital to Home EINSTEIN EXT confirmed the benefits of the simple, single-drug approach with 'Xarelto' for long-term treatment of DVT/PE No significant increase in major bleeding events or vascular events Significant reductions in recurrent VTE compared with placebo – an 82% relative risk reduction An acceptable benefit–risk balance for patients receiving long-term treatment in whom there is no clear decision whether to continue or stop anticoagulation
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Pack Shot
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BACK-UP SLIDES
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'Xarelto' (N=602) Placebo (N=594) Males (%)58.857.1 Age, mean (years)58.258.4 Weight (%) ≤50 kg1.70.8 >50–100 kg81.682.2 >100 kg14.114.6 Creatinine clearance (ml/min) (%) <3000.8 30–<496.17.4 50–<8022.320.5 ≥8062.062.8 Index event* (%) DVT64.159.9 PE35.940.1 Active cancer (%)4.74.4 Unprovoked VTE (%)73.174.2 Patient Characteristics: Similar in Both Study Arms in EINSTEIN EXT The EINSTEIN Investigators, 2010 ITT population; *index event not confirmed in all patients
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Bleeding Management in Clinical Practice If bleeding events occur while patients are receiving 'Xarelto', they can be managed easily by measures used in clinical practice 1,2 There is no specific reversal agent currently available for 'Xarelto'; however, studies are ongoing 3–5 1. Siegal et al, 2012; 2. Bauer KA, 2012; 3. Eerenberg et al, 2012; 4. Marlu et al, 2012; 5. Lu et al, 2013 Bleeding during anticoagulant treatment with 'Xarelto' Minor bleeding e.g. gum or nose bleed Major bleeding Bleeding that cannot be controlled by general or supportive measures General measures Delay next dose or discontinue treatment Supportive measures Mechanical compression Fluid replacement Haemodynamic support or blood products Consider haemostatic procoagulant agents Prothrombin complex concentrate Activated prothrombin complex Factor VIIa
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