1. Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

2. The Hebrews(Israelites)
Group of Nomadic people from Canaan
Abraham  1st to worship one god

3. The Hebrews (Israelites)
Forced to leave because of drought and famine
Went to Egypt where they were enslaved
Egyptian Prince named Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt around 1250 BC
“The Exodus”

4. Rise of Judaism
Moses talked with God who made a covenant with the people
Hebrews accept God as the ruler of heaven and Earth and Hebrews become the chosen people.
Moses received the 10 Commandments.

5. Teachings of Judaism Jews are monotheistic – Belief in one God
Call their God YAHWEH
Holy text is the TaNaKh
T  Torah – Teaching – 5 books of Moses
The Torah contains their laws and early teachings
N  Nevi’im – The Prophets
K  Kh’tuvim – The Writings
Ethical World View
People and their Rulers should lead moral lives

6. Transition to Christianity
Jews believe a messiah will come and deliver the Jews from foreign rule
One anointed by God

7. Rise of Christianity Grows out of the Jewish Faith
Founded by Jesus of Nazareth
Starts preaching when he is about 30

8. Rise of Christianity Jesus arrested and crucified in 33 AD
Story of his life is collected in books called the Gospels.

9. Teachings of Christianity
Christianity is a Monotheistic Religion
Upholds the Ten Commandments
Stresses Love for God and others.
God loves all people
Fundamental belief is that Jesus is the son of God and he came to Earth and died for the forgiveness of all of man’s sins.
If anyone believes this, they will have eternal life in heaven

10. Teachings of Christianity
Jesus’s teachings are collected in the New Testament.
The Gospel’s are the first 4 books of the New Testament.

11. Rise of Islam Islam emerged in the Arabian Peninsula
Developed from the teachings of Muhammad
He was born in Mecca around 570 AD

12. Rise of Islam
Muhammad received messages from Gabriel – angel of God – to begin preaching
Had to move from Mecca to Medina
The hejira
Turning point in Islam, marks the beginning of the expansion of Islam.

13. Rise of Islam
Muhammad raised a following in Medina and conquered Mecca.
Islam continued to spread rapidly:
Indus River to Atlantic Ocean

15. Rise of Islam 30 years after Muhammad died Islam split into two sects
Sunni and Shiites
Sunni  940 million today; Traditional; Islamic leader elected by people
Shia  120 Million today; “Followers”; Islamic leader descendant of Ali (Muhammad’s son in law and named successor)

17. Teachings of Islam
Summary – “There is no god but Allah: Muhammad is his prophet.”
Islam means submission.
Muslim is someone who submits to God/Allah’s will.

18. Teachings of Islam 5 Pillars of Islam
The 5 things that followers of Islam must do.

19. Teachings of Islam
1st Pillar - All Muslims must proclaim their belief in one God and that God revealed his word to Muhammad
Same God of Jews and Christians
Honor many prophets – Abraham, Moses, and Jesus but Muhammad is the greatest one

20. Teachings of Islam 2nd Pillar - Muslims must pray 5 times a day
While praying need to face the city of Mecca
“Allah alone is great.
I testify that there is no god but Allah.
I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.
Come to Prayer.
Come to Success.
Allah alone is Great.
There is no god but Allah.”

21. Teachings of Islam 3rd Pillar – Charity to the poor and aged
4th Pillar – Fasting during the month of Ramadan

22. Teachings of Islam
5th Pillar – Pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in life if capable to – THE HAJJ

23. Teachings of Islam Sacred book is the Koran or Qur'an
Authority on religion, politics, law, economic, and social life

24. People of the Book
Muhammad called Jews and Christians “people of the book” because they followed God’s teachings in the Bible and the Tanakh.
Have special status as protected people and should be respected.

25. Jihad Mean’s struggle in the name of God.
Includes inner struggle as well as external struggles in defense of Islam.

26. Connection Between the 3 religions
How are these three religions connected?
Same God
Monotheistic
Judgment Day
Trace their roots to Abraham
Create a Line of Succession