1. CHRISTIANITY

2. Founding of Christianity FOUNDER: JESUS CHRIST (A JEW) ZERO A.D. PALESTINE/ISRAEL SPREAD BY APOSTLES (FOLLOWERS OF JESUS) PAUL: MOST IMP. IN SPREADING & STARTING CHURCHES (NOT AN APOSTLE) EMP. CONSTANTINE: MAKES CHRISTIANITY OFFICIAL RELIGION

3. Basic Beliefs 1 GOD (SAME AS JEWS, MUSLIMS) JESUS: SON OF GOD, DIED FOR “OUR” SINS, ROSE FROM DEAD BELIEF IN JESUS = SALVATION FROM SINS, REWARD IN HEAVEN HEAVEN/HELL: IS FOR ETERNITY 1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”

4. Sacred Text BIBLE : TWO PARTS OLD TESTAMENT:  JEWISH “BIBLE”, INCL. TORAH)  NEW TESTAMENT:  LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS  REVELATION:  END OF WORLD AND CREATION OF NEW KINGDOM ON EARTH

5. God of Christianity ONE GOD IS DIVIDED INTO 3 PARTS: HOLY TRINITY: GOD, JESUS, HOLY GHOST (SPIRIT) PROPHETS PLAY IMPORTANT PART: MOSES, ISAIAH, EZEKIEL

6. Leadership PRIESTS:  SERVICES LOCALLY BISHOPS:  CONTROL LARGER AREAS POPE: HEAD OF CATHOLIC CHURCH #1 RELIGIOUS GROUP IN WORLD

7. Rituals Baptism: ENTRY INTO CHURCH Communion: SHARING BREAD/WINE = BLOOD/BODY OF CHRIST

8. SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY Pax Romana, which made travel and the exchange of ideas fairly safe, provided the ideal conditions for Christianity to spread Christians refused to worship Roman gods. This refusal was seen as opposition to Roman rule By the second century, as the Pax Romana began to crumble, persecution of the Christians intensified. Thousands were crucified, burned, or killed by wild animals in the circus arenas.

9. “BREAD AND CIRCUS”

10. Constantine tolerates Christianity

11. Why was Christianity Appealing? ANYONE COULD CONVERT: JEW, GREEK ROMAN WEALTH & CLASS NOT AN ISSUE: APPEALED TO POOR AND POWERLESS: “Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the Earth” PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP WITH GOD ETERNAL LIFE FOR BELIEVERS

12. SECTS: 2.2 BILLION ROMAN CATHOLIC: LED BY POPE, LARGEST SECT AT 1.1 BILLION PROTESTANT: BROKE FROM CHURCH ~ 1500 A.D. (LUTHERANS, BAPTISTS, METHODISTS, ETC.) (800,000+ followers) EVANGELICAL, JEHOVAH WITNESS, MORMON, ETC

13. ISLAM

14. Key Terms Islam  Submission to the will of Allah Muslim  One who has submitted

15. Founding of the Religion MOHAMMAD: FOUNDER, 600 A.D, MECCA (SAUDI ARABIA) HEARS VOICE OF ANGEL GABRIEL, TELLS HIM TO ‘SPREAD WORD OF ALLAH’ UPSETS POWERFUL/RICH: FORCED TO FLEE (HIJRAH) RETURNS TO MECCA W/ 10,000 MAN ARMY, CONQUERS, & BEGINS ISLAM

16. Basic Beliefs 1 GOD = ALLAH MOHAMMAD IS PROPHET OF ALLAH SALVATION COMES BY FOLLOWING “FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM” HEAVEN & HELL = ETERNAL 1 CHANCE TO “GET IT RIGHT”

17. The Five Pillars of Islam WHAT ALL MUSLIMS MUST DO: STATEMENT OF FAITH: “There is no God but Allah” & Mohammad is His Messenger PRAY 5 X DAY FACING MECCA CHARITY: GIVE TO POOR (2.5%) FAST DURING MONTH OF RAMADAN: NO FOOD/WATER SUNRISE TO SUNSET HAJJ: PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA ONCE IN LIFE (HEALTH AND WEALTH PERMITTING)

18. THE HAJJ Pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca

19. Sacred Text KORAN = QUR’AN ONLY HOLY IF IN ARABIC WORD OF ALLAH TO MOHAMMAD THROUGH GABRIEL

20. Leadership NO “CHURCH”, CENTRAL AUTHORITY, “PRIESTS” ULAMA: RELIGIOUS TEACHERS WHO APPLY QUR’AN TO EVERYDAY LIFE MANY COUNTRIES OPERATE UNDER ISLAM = THEOCRACY

21. Rituals/Practices  HALAH: DIET WHICH IS OK FOR MUSLIMS TO EAT & DRINK  NO PORK/ NO ALCOHOL!  5 PILLARS  FRIDAY = DAY OF WORSHIP (PRAY DIRECTLY TO ALLAH)  WASH FEET/HANDS

22. The Spread of Islam Islam spreads through: Trade

23. The Spread of Islam Islam spreads through: Conquest

24. Muslims and Conquered Peoples EARLY MUSLIM STATES USUALLY: LET CONQUERED PEOPLES KEEP THEIR PROPERTY AND RELIGION (HAD TO PAY A TAX) WERE SUBJECT TO SOME RESTRICTIONS BUT COULD MARRY WHO THEY WANTED, WORK JOBS THEY WANTED (EVEN AS OFFICIALS, SCHOLARS, ADMINISTRATORS) JEWS OFTEN ROSE TO HIGH POSITIONS

25. Links to Judaism and Christianity Allah is the same God of Judaism and Christianity. Qur’an is Word of Allah, just as Torah and Gospels is to Jews and Christians. Qur’an is the final book, Muhammad the final prophet. Muslims will have a ‘Day of Judgment”

26. Muslim View of Christians and Jews Muslim ancestry traced to Abraham’s Son Share holy places w/ Jews, Christians Christians & Jews =“People of the Book” (religious tolerance for them)