1. Philadelphia Convention  Delegates met in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention to revise the Articles because the Articles of Confederation failed to give the government the power to collect money or conduct foreign affairs. Instead they drafted an entirely new Constitution.

2. Articles of Confederation The Articles of Confederation provided a loose framework of a national government for the new nation. Each state had one vote and maintained its sovereignty. First constitution of the United States Created to ensure the freedom and the independence of the United States— something they lacked when ruled by Great Britain

3. Fundamental laws and principles that describes the nature, functions, and limits of a government or another institution. The fundamental law of the United States, framed in 1787.

4. Bicameral Legislature  Bicameral legislature a legislature consisting of two houses.  The Great Compromise, re-defined a bicameralism legislature in which the upper house would have states represented equally, and the lower house would have them represented by population.Great Compromise

5. Judiciary Also known as the judicial system, is the system of courts that interprets and applies the law in the name of the state. The judiciary also provides a mechanism for the resolution of disputescourtslawstate resolution of disputes

6. Ratify vote to approve a constitution or treaty.

7. Virginia Plan Edmund Randolph, the governor of Virginia, presented the Virginia Plan, which called for three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. Favored by the larger states. It proposed two houses (bicarmel) of Congress, both of which were elected based on a state’s population.

8. Pinckney Plan The design for the Constitution presented by Charles Pinckney. A lot of his ideas became the Bill of Rights.

9. COMPROMISE Compromise a settlement of differences by mutual concessions; an agreement reached by adjustment of conflicting or opposing claims, principles, etc., by reciprocal modification of demands.

10. 3/5 Compromise Three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.

11. COMMERCE An interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale between different countries (foreign commerce) or between different parts of the same country (domestic commerce) trade; business.

12. IMPORT Imports to bring in (merchandise, commodities, workers, etc.) from a foreign country for use, sale, processing, re- export, or services.

13. EXPORT To ship (commodities) to other countries or places for sale, exchange, etc.

14. Charles Pinckney South Carolina representative to the Philadelphia Convention who contributed greatly to the writing of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. His most significant contributions was in Article VI which states that there will be no religious test required to hold office And in the first amendment which states that the government cannot require you to belong to a certain religion. He was a signer of the Constitution.

15. Pierce Butler Representative from South Carolina. He proposed the Fugitive Slave Clause to the Constitution. He was for the rights of the common man. They used his idea of an Electoral College f or choosing the President. He was a signer of the Constitution

16. John Rutledge Representative from South Carolina. A governor of South Carolina, he chaired a committee that wrote much of what was included in the final version of the United States Constitution. He also signed the Constitution. He served as an Associate Justice on the United States Supreme Court, and was the second Chief Justice of the Court from July to December 1795.

17. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney Representative from South Carolina. He was a first cousin to Charles Pinckney. He was a signer of the Constitution. He wanted a strong national government with checks and balances. He ran unsuccessfully for President twice.

18. Edmund Randolph The Governor of Virginia, presented the Virginia Plan, which called for three branches of government and a system of checks and balances. Favored by the larger states.

19. James Madison Delegate from Virginia who wrote the Virginia Plan. He is known as the Father of the Constitution.