1. Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals

2. Reptiles Class Reptilia
Includes sea turtles, sea snakes and marine lizards (Galapagos iguanas), marine crocodiles
Ectothermic (cold-blooded)
Breathe air with lungs
Covered in scales
Equipped with special salt glands to concentrate and excrete excess salts from body fluids
Almost all live in tropical or subtropical waters (except turtles)

3. Sea Turtles Eight known marine species
Cannot retract head and tails like turtles on land
Adults have no natural predators except humans
Forelimbs have flippers for propulsion and hind limbs are like rudders for steering.
Green turtle is most common species
Eat marine algae, sea grass, and other plants.

4. Sea Turtles Sea turtles have renowned navigation skills
Return every few years to the beach where they were born to lay eggs
Use the angle of the sun to find latitude, wind and wave direction, smell, and visual clues to find land.

5. Marine Crocodiles Live in mangrove swamps and reef islands.
Mostly in tropical western Pacific (Australia and Indonesia)
Australians call them “Salties”
Dangerous to humans if get too close

6. Marine Birds Class Aves (hence Avian) Evolved from dinosaurs
Endotherms (warm blooded)
Have light, thin, hollow bones in order to fly
All birds lay eggs on land
Only 3% of known bird species qualify as seabirds
Most live in Southern Hemisphere
Have salt excreting glands

7. The Tubenoses 100 Species World’s most oceanic birds
Beaks can sense air speed, detect smells, and remove salt
Include the albatross with a wingspan of 12 feet!
Fly for weeks or months at a time without landing
Use thermals and uplift from winds and soar in long, looping, arcs
Eat fish

8. The Pelicans Includes Pelicans, cormorants, frigate birds, and boobies
All have throat pouches and webbed feet
Pelicans dive for fish
Frigates can’t walk or swim so they have to catch fish or small squid in flight.

9. The Gulls Mostly found along coasts and beaches
Scavengers (eat almost anything)
Good flyers, swimmers, and runners
Terns are included in this group and live mostly at sea.

10. The Penguins Lost ability to fly Use wings to swim long distances
Have fatty insulation, greasy feathers, and stubby appendages to hold in heat
Live mostly in the Antarctic (southern hemisphere), South America, and Australia
Emperor Penguins are largest. Can dive 875 feet and stay underwater for 10 minutes
Each fish, mollusks, crustaceans, squid