1. Studying History and Early Humans
What is this early human doing?

2. Essential Questions
Why do people study history and try to learn more about the past?
How did early humans adapt to the environment?
What were the main elements of prehistoric culture?
How did their experience as hunter-gatherers help early humans to domesticate plants and animals?

3. Why study history? (answer this question)
Primary Source – produced by someone who was there
Secondary Source – produced by someone who wasn’t there
Artifacts (tools, weapons, pottery, etc.)
Journals, diaries and letters
Military records
Marriage, birth and death certificates
Newspaper – they are reporting
Books
Paintings
Provide an example of a primary source and a secondary source.

4. Where is that land bridge?
Hunter-Gatherers
Lived in bands of 30 – 100 people
Men hunted animals (fish)
Women gathered fruits, plants, nuts and berries
Early humans were nomadic
Nomadic means a person with no permanent home
Migration means to move from one place to another
Why did early humans migrate?
The Great Migration
Where is that land bridge?

5. Tools and Culture
Technology – anything that makes life easier (tools, weapons)
Early tools were made from stone and bone
Fire was a DISCOVERY!
It was discovered 500,000 years ago
How was it discovered?
What are the advantages/uses of fire?
Animals that Talk
Early humans did not possess developed language
How does language make life easier?
Culture includes art, language and religion
Some examples of early human culture are cave art, the belief in gods or spirits and jewelry

6. Domestication – the adaptation of plants and animals for human use
By 8,000 B.C., humans had learned to grow crops and raise animals
The only reason this was possible is because of rising temperatures
Humans figured it would be a good idea to keep animals in human-made enclosures What is the advantage of this?
Early humans learned to domesticate animals around 9000 B.C.
Analyze the chart. What does having a constant food supply allow nomads to do?
Animal
Location
Use
camel
Asia
Transport
Sheep
Meat, wood
Dog
East Asia
Herding, hunting
Cow
Europe, Asia, Africa
Milk, meat
Turkey
North America
Meat
Llama
South America
Transport, meat

7. The Agricultural Revolution
Beginnings of Farming
Agriculture is farming
Just like hunters’ knowledge of wild animals led to their domestication, gatherers’ knowledge of plants probably led to the development of farming.
This leads to a shift from food gathering to farming
Leads to changes in tools and technology (plows, sickles)
How might growing food change the lifestyle of a hunter-gatherer?
Use the graph on page 13 of your textbook to answer the following questions.
About how many years ago did the Agricultural Revolution take place?
How much did the world’s population grow from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago according to the graph?